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EMBRYOLOGY > TOPIC #10 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

TOPIC #10 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What consists of the respiratory system? (6 parts)

A

nose
nasopharynx
larynx
trachea
extrapulmonary bronchi
lungs

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2
Q

In birds the trachea terminates in a flattened Y-shaped tube called…

A

syrinx

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3
Q

What are the 7 parts of the nose?

A

nasal cavity
alae or wings
bridge
external or anterior nares
choanae or posterior nares
nasal septum
nasolacrimal duct

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4
Q

Nasal cavity contains what?

A

nasal conchae (divided into right and left chambers by the nasal septum.)

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5
Q

The surface ectoderm and the rostral end of the frontonasal prominence thickens to form bilateral _______.

A

nasal placodes

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6
Q

The bilateral rostral openings of the nasal cavity becomes what?

A

external nares (nostrils)

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7
Q

nasal pits transformed into…

A

nasal cavity

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8
Q

The epithelial lining of the nasal cavity postnatally give rise to diverticula called _______.

A

paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

What consists of nasal septum ?

A

bone
cartilage
loose connective tissue

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10
Q

The laryngotracheal groove is derived from the where in the median floor of pharynx at the level of PP 4.

A

Evaginated endoderm

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11
Q

Ectomesenchyme of VA 4 aggregates and elongates in a transverse plane to form the ______.

A

epiglottal swellings

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12
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm on the lateral sides of the laryngotracheal groove also aggregate and elongate in a longitudinal plane to form bilateral _______.

A

laryngeal swelling

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13
Q

The epiglottal swelling and the two laryngeal swelling grow together to form the ________ with a Tshaped opening.

A

larynx

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14
Q

What is the smallest branches of the lungs?

A

bronchioles

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15
Q

In very young embryos the lungs are situated dorsal to the where.?

A

Heart

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16
Q

In older embryos the lungs are situated where?

A

heart and liver

17
Q

What are the 2 embryonic (intraembryonic) and extraembryonic compartments?

A

Embryonic Coelom
Extraembryonic Coelom

18
Q

It becomes the serous cavities of the trunk.

A

Embryonic Coelom

19
Q

It incorporated within the amnion (amniotic cavity) and chorion.

A

Extraembryonic Coelom

20
Q

In what region does the ventral mesentery is retained and liver grows into it.

A

hepatic region

21
Q

What are the 3 major cavities of embryonic coelom houses the visceral organs?

A

Anterior-ventral pericardial cavity
Caudal peritoneal cavity
Bilateral pleural cavities

22
Q

It contains the heart.

A

Anterior-ventral pericardial cavity

23
Q

It contains the digestive organs.

A

Caudal peritoneal cavity

24
Q

Connecting the pericardial and peritoneal cavities and contain the lungs.

A

Bilateral pleural cavities

25
Q

It separated the pleural and pericardial cavities in the adult.

A

fibrous pericardium.

26
Q

It is derived from somatic and splanchnic mesoderm.

A

Pericardium

27
Q

Pericardium is derived from ______ and _______.

A

somatic
splanchnic mesoderm

28
Q

The diaphragm is derived from ______ and ______ and _______ of cervical somites.

A

somatic
splanchnic mesoderm
myotomes

29
Q

It is the central tendinous part of the diaphragm.

A

Septum transversum and pleuroperitoneal folds

30
Q

Diaphragmatic musculature, pars costalis and pars lumbaris.

A

Myotomes of cervical somites

31
Q

Malformations of the Lower Respiratory System Tract

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula
Barker foal syndrome

32
Q

Malformations of Body Cavities

A

Pleuroperitoneal hernia
Peritoneospericardial diaphragmatic hernia

33
Q

Failure of closure of one or both pleuroperitoneal folds

A

Pleuroperitoneal hernia

34
Q

During the fetal development the liver dissects away from the septum transversum, occasionally leaving a central weakness in the central tendinous part of the diaphragm. Intestinal herniation through this are into the pericardial sac will result in abnormal cardiac sounds and dyspnea.

A

Peritoneospericardial diaphragmatic hernia

35
Q

It results from a partial persistence of the laryngotracheal groove, its presence in the newborn causes refluxing of feed through the upper respiratory tract, and inhalation of pneumonia.

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

36
Q

Hyaline disease- results from a lack of production of pulmonary surfactant, which may temporary. Gasping of the newborn is a sign of its presence.

A

Barker foal syndrome

EMBRYOLOGY (4 decks)

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