Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Dental injuries in children > Flashcards

Dental injuries in children Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most commonly affected teeth wrt dental injuries?

A

Max incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common injuries?

A

Primary dentition - luxation injuries
Permanent dentition - enamel fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What ages do peak incidences occur?

A

2-4 years - primary incisors
7-10 - perm incisors

m>f (2:1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Injuries in babies

A

Highly unlikely - non accidental injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Injuries in infants

A

Due to trips and falls as cognitive and motor skills develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Injuries in childhood

A

Falls and accidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Injuries in adolescence

A

Sporting, fights, assults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the predisposing factors towards dental injury

A

Class 2 div 1 - proclined incisors
lack of soft tissue coverage
increased overjet (3-6mm 2x freq)(>6mm = 3x freq)
medical or physical impairment (cerebral palsy, autism, epilepsy)
Accident prone children, aggressions ADHD and lack of parental supervision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MH questions to check

A

Bleeding disorders
Reduced immunity
Allergies
Medications
Immunisation status (check tetanus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dental history questions to ask

A

Previous injury to the dentition and management
Past dental experience
Anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trauma history questions

A

What happened
When did it happen
How did it happen
Where did it happen
Loss of consciousness/ head injuries/ other injuries
Immediate management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

EOE in dental injuries

A

Observe injuries elsewhere in body
Facial asymmetry
Observe from above and behind pt
Palpation of the facial skeleton
Facial injuries: swellings, lacerations, abrasions, contusions (bruises)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IOE in dental injuries

A

ST:
Lips, all mucosa palate, tongue, FOM

Check irregularities in occlusion

Teeth:
Position
Mobility
Loss of tooth tissue, i.e. fracture of parts of the tooth or loss of whole tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radiographic examinations to take

A

PA
Occlusal
DPT
ST views

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is included on a trauma grid?

A

Colour
Mob
TTP
Vitality
Radiograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are you checking for in TTP?

A

Damage to the PDL (pain)
Percussion tone - if there is a change, the tooth could be locked into the bone due to an intrusive injury - metallic sound on tapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What we checking with mobility?

A

Pulp vascularity changes with mobility
If there is a group of teeth that are mobile = alveolar bone fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does transillumination check for?

A

Infractions of enamel (microcracks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What tissues can be damaged in a dent-alveolar injury?

A

Hard tissues and pulp
Periodontal tissues
Supporting bone
Gingival or oral mucosa

20
Q

What are the least to most severe dental injuries

A

Infraction, enamel fracture, enamel-dentine fracture, compl crown fracture, crown root fracture, root fracture

21
Q

What the type of injury to the periodontal tissues

A

concussion
subluxation
extrusive luxation
lateral luxation
intrusive luxation
avulsion

22
Q

What are the types of injury to the supporting bone?

A

Comminuition of the socket wall (crushing of the bone in intrusive/lateral luxation)

fracture of socket wall
fracture of alveolar process
fracture of mandible or maxilla

23
Q

Injuries to gingivae or oral mucosa

A

Laceration
Contusion
Abrasion
Degloving injury

24
Q

Signs of non accidental injury

A

Delayed presentation of dental trauma
Injuries that do not match the given history
inconsistencies in stories
Multiple injuries of different ages
Bruising of soft tissues not overlying bony prominences
injuries taking the shape of a recognisable object
Any oral injury in a newborn or pre-walking infant

25
Q

What are the pulpal healing outcomes of fractured teeth?

A

Survival
Obliteration
Necrosis

26
Q

How long does it take for the radiographic obliteration of pulp to occur?

A

3m - deposition of mineralised tissue in the pulp chamber walls
Causes yellow discolouration

27
Q

What are the factors that influence the outcome of pulp?

A

Initial pulp status
Status of the apex - open apex, survival/obliteration
Time since injury - more time passes = necrosis
Concurrent injuries - PDL damage = necrosis

28
Q

Luxation injuries of permanent teeth

A

Concussion and subluxation are unlikely to cause damage to pulp

Extrusive luxation
Palatal luxation
Intrusion
Avulsion

29
Q

What is extrusive luxation

A

Partial displacement of tooth from socket

Identify if pulp, PDL or gingivae have been injured

Will pulp revascularise
Is there rupture of neurovascular bundle around tooth
Gingivae - will fibres reorganise

30
Q

What is palatal luxation?

A

Displacement of tooth from the socket in a way other than axially

Is tooth locked in new position of bone
Compression zones
Complicated by bony damage

SPLINT

31
Q

What is intrusive luxation?

A

Displacement of socket in to the alveolar bone

32
Q

What is an avulsion?

A

Complete displacement of tooth from socket

minimise time that tooth is out of the socket. Tissues deteriorate due to dehydration, bacteria, cleaning products

33
Q

What are the pulpal healing outcomes of luxation injuries?

A

Survival
Obliteration
Internal resorption
Necrosis

34
Q

What are the factors that influence healing?

A

Status of apex - open/wide neuromuscular bundle - larger diameter = more likely to revascularise
Extent of injury - damage to PDL causes root resorption
Concomitant damage to the PDL

35
Q

What is internal resorption?

A

Confused healing
Response to pulpal inflammation - needs to be connected to an apical blood supply
can look normal/pink in coronal/cervical area
continuous pulp chamber and canal outline (smooth)

36
Q

What happens during necrosis of the pulp?

A

Asymptomatic or signs of irreversible pulpitis/necrotic pulp. TTT, discolouration, mobility.
Failure of revascularisation
Inflammatory resorption - damage to PDL and root surface. Irregular loss of tooth surface structure and surrounding alveolar bone.
Irregular appearance over root canal and misdiagnosed for internal resorption.

37
Q

When does external inflammatory resorption occur?

A

damage to PDL and root surface
toxins and bacteria progress and travel via dentine tubules to root surface

38
Q

Which teeth have zero chance of survival if they sustain these injuries?

A

intrusion and avulsion of teeth with closed apex

39
Q

What is surface resorption?

A

Short resorpative phase
repair related and traumata related
transient apical breakdown at root and adjacent bone
discolouration - no sensitivity
widening of PDL space and lamina dura
Apical radiolucency
due to an inflammatory change rather than bacteria.
Non infective pressure resorption of underlying cementum and dentine. self limiting and transient BUT pulp is vital.

40
Q

What is inflammatory resorption?

A

Post avulsion/luxation
Influenced by pulp vitality
Infection, necrosis related surface resorption
pathognomic pulpal necrosis
more likely with a mature apex

41
Q

What is replacement resorption?

A

When ankylosis occurs
related to death of the PDL
Progressive

42
Q

What is replacement resorption?

A

When ankylosis occurs
related to death of the PDL
Progressive
Cells attach to root surface before cementum can - resorption
Necrotic pulp
Loss of vitality
Endo may or may not stop resorption - no successful tx

43
Q

What is apexogenesis?

A

stimulation of the pulp tissue to encourage completion of root development in a previously healthy pulp after pulpal exposure

44
Q

What is the goal of apexogenesis?

A

maintain pulp vitality
support root development

45
Q

Which teeth should apexogenesis be used for?

A

Maintain pulp vitality
Support root development

46
Q

Immature non vital tooth

A

Extirpate
Apexification - establish calcific apical barrier - MTA plug at apex instead of biodentine
Goal - to facillitate endo obturation

Paediatrics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions