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Neuro Quiz 1 > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

measure of sound intensity

A

Decibels
loudness

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2
Q

measure frequency (perceived as pitch)

A

Herz
cycles per second

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3
Q

Transduced

A

conversion of 1 form of energy to another

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4
Q

external part of the ear

A

pinna

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5
Q

ear canal

A

external ear
tube leading from pinna to tympanic membrane through sound waves are funneled

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6
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

middle ear
tout membrane at inner end of ear canal
captures sound vibrations in air w some frequency as sound

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7
Q

ossicles

A

incus, malleus, stapes
transmit vibration across the middle ear
tympanic membrane to oval window

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8
Q

Oval window

A

middle ear
location on cochlea where vibrations are transmitted from ossicles to interior of cochlea
receives vibrations from tympanic membrane through ossicles

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9
Q

Cochlea

A

inner ear
snail shaped structure
contains primary receptor cells for hearing

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10
Q

3 parallel canals

A

scala vestibuli / vestibular canal (length of cochlea)
scala media / middle canal (btw vestibular and tympanic canal)
scala tympani / tympanic canal (length of cochlea)

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11
Q

organ of corti

A

cochlea of scala media
contains hair cells and terminations of auditory nerve
converts vibration from sound into neural activity

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12
Q

hair cells

A

auditory sensory cells
bridge btw basilar membrane & tectorial membrane

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13
Q

basilar membrane

A

in cochlea
contains principal structures involved in auditory transduction

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14
Q

Tectorial Membrane

A

gelatinous membrane located atop the organ corti

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15
Q

Sterocillia

A

bristle that protrudes from a hair cell in auditory or vestibular system
mechanical bridge btw basilar membrane and tectorial membrane

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16
Q

Cochlear Nuclei

A

brainstem nuclei that receive input from auditory hair cells
send output to superior olivary nuclei

17
Q

superior olivary nuclei

A

receive input from R & L cochlea nuclei,
provide 1st binaural analysis of auditory info

18
Q

tonotopic organization

A

organization of auditory neurons according to an orderly map of stimulus frequency from low to high

19
Q

Place coding theory

A

pitch of sound determined by location of activated hair cells along length of basilar membrane
good for higher frequencies

20
Q

Temporal Coding Theory

A

pitch of sound determined by rate of firing auditory neurons
good for low frequency

21
Q

infrasound

A

less than 20 Hz
very low frequency

22
Q

ultrasound

A

more than 20,000 hz
high frequency sound

23
Q

Interaural Intensity Differences

A

Perceived difference in loudness between two ears
localize sound source

24
Q

Intramural Temporal Differences

A

Difference between two ears in time arrival of sound
ear closer hears sound better

25
Q

Spectral Filtering

A

hills and valleys of eternal ear alter amplitude of some frequencies in a sound
vertical localization of sound

26
Q

Hearing loss

A

decreased sensitivity to sound

27
Q

deafness

A

hearing loss so profound that speech perception is lost

28
Q

conduction deafness

A

ossicles of middle ear fused together
vibrations of eardrum can’t be conveyed to oval window of cochlea

29
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

caused by permanent damage / destruction of hair cells OR interruption of vestibulocochlear nerve that carries auditory info to brain
deficit in inner ear

30
Q

tinnitus

A

sensation of noises or ringing in ears not cause by external sound

31
Q

central deafness

A

auditory areas of brain fail to process / interpret action potentials from sound stimuli
impaired perception of complex sounds

32
Q

word deafness

A

form of central deafness that is characterized by inability to hear words
can detect other sounds

33
Q

cortical deafness

A

form of central deafness
damage to both sides of auditory Cortex
difficulty recognizing all complex sounds

Neuro Quiz 1 (11 decks)

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