10: Emotional Development, 11: Self Identity, 12: Moral Development Flashcards
Attachment
an emotional tie between 2 people and both try to maintain their closeness to ensure the relationship continues over time
Bowlby’s 4 stages of attachment formation
- Indiscriminate Social Responsiveness - bond forms between the baby and caregiver when the caregiver gives caring signals. Baby views them as relief from distress
- Discriminating Sociability - baby discriminates among adults and prefer familiar people. Attachment responses are directed towards people who are able to best soothe the baby
- Attachments - babies crawl to their caregivers and develop attachments to those who attend, accurately interprets, and consistently respond to their signals
- Reciprocal relationships - children engage with their caregivers because of their developing cognitive and language skills. They understand emotions and goals
Securely attached - Adults
they seek bonds, desire closeness, and are comforted by their partners. They have a secure internal working model of self and have the ability to establish intimate relationships
Insecurely attached - Adults
lack of trust and a secure base. Anxious, ambivalent, or unpredictable. Tend to be less consistent, involved, and accepting
parents who are insecurely attached have difficulty showing consistent responsiveness needed for their infants to form secure attachments
Self-concept
the set of attributes, abilities, and characteristics that a person uses to describe and define themselves. They way we see ourselves may not be in line with how others see us
Self-esteem
the general emotional evaluation of one’s own worth. It’s the feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and self-respect. It relies on cognitive development and a sense of self that emerges over the course of childhood
Identity achievement
establishing a coherent sense of self after exploring many possibilities
Individuals must consider their past and future, and come to a sense of what they believe
Identity moratorium
time-out period providing more freedom and autonomy than childhood but is without the full autonomy and responsibilities of adulthood. No commitment to identity yet
success at this stage results in adults who have a sense of identity, while failing results in confusion and could lead to isolation from the worl
Identity diffusion
not having explored or committed to a sense of self. People have pervasive uncertainty and don’t have motivation for resolution
Identity foreclosure
chosen an identity without engaging in exploration. People are inflexible and view the world in black and white, right and wrong, terms
Care orientation
Gilligan’s feminine mode of moral reasoning, characterized by a desire to maintain relationships and a responsibility to avoid hurting others
Male and female adolescents and adults display both orientations
Justice orientation
Gilligan’s model of moral reasoning that emphasizes fairness and individualism
Male and female adolescents and adults display both orientations
Prosocial behavior
voluntary behavior intended to benefit another
How do parents and other caregivers influence prosocial behavior in children
Include children in household and caregiving activities and encourage prosocial activity. Parents who point out prosocial behaviors (sharing, cooperation, etc.) and parents who discuss feelings increase prosocial behavior
Discipline - Induction
discipline method based on reasoning and guidance
