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Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

How would you treat OCD?

A

Cognitive behaviour therapy. Clomipramine.

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2
Q

How is mental illness different to physical illness?

A

Diagnose by symptom cluster not pathology. Uncertainty about diagnosis.

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3
Q

Anxiety symptoms?

A

Feeling of fear. Palpitations. Sweating.

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4
Q

Taking 5 hours to wash hair and scrubbing hands with bleach up to 30 times a day are an example of what?

A

Compulsions.

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5
Q

OCD symptoms?

A

Ego-dystonic thoughts
Repetitive, circular ruminations
Compulsions

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6
Q

Core symptoms of depression?

A

Low mood, loss of energy, loss of enjoyment.

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7
Q

Other symptoms of depression?

A

Weight loss, poor sleep, feeling of guilt and suicidal ideation.

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8
Q

Depression treatment?

A

Antidepressants, cognitive behavioural therapy, social prescribing of exercise.

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9
Q

Mania symptoms?

A

Elated mood, Over-energized, Little need for sleep, Over-spending.

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10
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms?

A

Hallucination, delusion, Abnormal Behaviour such as disorganised behavior such as wandering aimlessly, mumbling or laughing to self.

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11
Q

What is delusion?

A

Fixed false beliefs not shared by others in the person’s culture and that are firmly held even when there is evidence to the contrary.

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12
Q

Schizophrenia treatment?

A

Antipsychotics
Psychological therapies
Family therapy
Arts therapies

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13
Q

Example of depressogenic stressors?

A

Bullying and chronic illness.

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14
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Encouragement of certain behaviors by removing a negative stimuli.

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15
Q

What can habit formation lead to?

A

Compulsion.

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16
Q

Examples of what can result in negative reinforcement?

A

Substance use. Disordered eating.

17
Q

What leads to addiction?

A

Repeated negative reinforcement, in the context of persistent states of suffering.

18
Q

How do substances cause addiction?

A

Direct action on neural circuits for motivation and reward-seeking.

19
Q

What category are people who hear voices/ have disorganised behaviour/ thought disorder.

A

Madness.

20
Q

Types of psychosis?

A

Schizophrenia, Mania.

21
Q

Psychosis key symptoms

A

Hallucinations,
Delusions
Thought Disorder

22
Q

What is psychosis?

A

Group of pathologies which disrupt the process of perceiving and interpreting reality.

23
Q

Schizophrenia positive symptoms?

A

Hallucinations
Delusions

24
Q

Schizophrenia negative symptoms?

A

Anhedonia
Apathy

25
Q

Schizophrenia disorganised symptoms?

A

Thought disorder
Disorganised speech

26
Q

What is see on a PET scan of a schizophrenia patient?

A

Excess of striatal dopamine

27
Q

What increases your risk of developing schizophrenia by a lot?

A

If both parents have schizophrenia. Strong genetic component.

28
Q

What is working memory?

A

You use this to store information for short periods and contextualise the present moment.

29
Q

What other risk factors for psychosis?

A

Neurodevelopmental (prematurity, hypoxia and infection), life stressors, recreational drug use.

30
Q

Psychosis treatment?

A

Antipsychotics, CBT for Psychosis, Social support.

31
Q

Class of antipsychotics?

A

Antidopaminergic.

32
Q

How is social support provided for psychosis?

A

Housing, benefits
Support with budgeting /employment.

33
Q

What increases by a lot in schizophrenia patients?

A

Violence.

34
Q

Non-suicidal self-injury typically occurs in the context of?

A

Low self-worth and persistent distress. injury reduces distress.

35
Q

What results in negative reinforcement in OCD?

A

Distress reducing mechanisms like washing, counting that give temporary relief from intrusive thoughts.

36
Q

Symptoms of eating disorder?

A

Restriction of diet
Episodes of laxative abuse
Excessive exercise

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