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HNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is held within the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobe.

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2
Q

What is held within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes.

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3
Q

What is held within the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum and brainstem.

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4
Q

What is the point where the frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone meet called?

A

Pterion.

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5
Q

Suture between 2 parietal bones and occipital bone called?

A

Lambdoid suture.

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6
Q

What is the point where the sagittal and coronal suture meet called?

A

Bregma.

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7
Q

What is the point where the sagittal suture and lambdoid suture meet called?

A

Lambda.

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8
Q

What is the unfused bone in the anterior portion of the neonatal skull called?

A

Anterior fontanelle.

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9
Q

What is the unfused bone in the posterior portion of the neonatal skull called?

A

Posterior fontanelle.

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10
Q

What do olfactory neurones pass through to get to the olfactory bulb in the brain?

A

Cribriform plate.

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11
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory nerve.

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12
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic nerve.

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13
Q

What connects the orbit to the middle cranial fossa? What is present in this canal?

A

Optic canal. Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery.

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14
Q

What does the superior orbital fissure contain?

A

Ophthalmic divison of trigeminal nerve (V1), oculomotor nerve (III), Trochlear nerve (IV), Abducent nerve (VI), Superior ophthalmic vein.

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15
Q

What does foramen rotundum contain?

A

Maxilary division of trigeminal nerve (V2).

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16
Q

What does the foramen ovale contain?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3).

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17
Q

What does the foramen spinosum contain?

A

Middle meningeal artery.

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18
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply with oxygen?

A

Dura mater.

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19
Q

What does the internal acoustic meatus contain?

A

Facial nerve (VII) and Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).

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20
Q

What does the jugular foramen contain?

A

Glossopharayngeal nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X), Accessory nerve (XI).

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21
Q

What does the hypoglossal canal contain?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (XII).

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22
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

Tongue muscles.

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23
Q

Blow to pterion can cause what?

A

Intercranial bleed.

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24
Q

Unfused bone at fontanel allowed for what?

A

Flexibility if birth canal is tight.

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25
Q

What vein runs over the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

External jugular vein.

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26
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura?

A

Periosteal and meningeal.

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27
Q

3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.

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28
Q

What is the largest dural venous sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus.

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29
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

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30
Q

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular vein, common carotid artery and vagus nerve.

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31
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

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32
Q

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Accessory nerve.

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33
Q

What does contraction of posterior crico-arytenoid muscles do?

A

Open/abduct vocal folds.

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34
Q

What does contraction of lateral crico-arytenoid muscles do?

A

Close/adduct vocal folds

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35
Q

What does contraction of cricothyroid muscle do?

A

Tense vocal folds and change pitch.

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36
Q

What are the divisions of the vagus nerve that innervate the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve.

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37
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve divide into?

A

Internal and external laryngeal nerve.

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38
Q

A lesion to the internal laryngeal nerve causes what?

A

Loss of sensation above vocal folds.

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39
Q

A lesion to the external laryngeal nerve causes what?

A

Paralysis of cricothyroid.

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40
Q

A lesion to recurrent laryngeal nerve causes what?

A

Paralysis in all muscle of larynx except cricothyroid and loss of sensation below vocal folds.

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41
Q

What nerve innervates the platysma?

A

Facial nerve.

42
Q

What nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.

43
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior belly of digastric muscle?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.

44
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior belly of digastric muscle?

A

Facial nerve.

45
Q

What nerve innervates the omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis.

46
Q

What nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

C1 fibres via hypoglossal nerve.

47
Q

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve.

48
Q

What nerve divides on top of parotid gland but doesn’t innervate it?

A

Facial nerve.

49
Q

Branches of facial nerve?

A

Temporal , zygomatic , buccal, mandibular and cervical.

50
Q

What innervates platysma?

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve.

51
Q

What kind of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial joint.

52
Q

What innervates muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve.

53
Q

Origin and insertion of temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa and coronoid process.

54
Q

What movement is temporalis responsible for?

A

Retraction and elevation of mandible.

55
Q

Origin and insertion of masseter muscle?

A

originating from the zygomatic arch and inserts along the angle and lateral surface of the mandibular ramus.

56
Q

What movement of masseter responsible for?

A

Elevation and forced closure of mouth if required.

57
Q

What is the only muscle of mastication that depresses jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid.

58
Q

What is the lateral pterygoid responsible for?

A

Depresses and protracts mandible.

59
Q

Lateral pterygoid origin and insertion?

A

Superior head - Greater wing of sphenoid bone and TMJ.
Inferior head - pterygoid plate and condylar process.

60
Q

Medial pterygoid origin and insertion?

A

Superficial - maxilla. medial surface of ramus, angle of mandible.
Deep head - lateral pterygoid plate and palatine bone. medial surface of ramus, angle of mandible.

61
Q

What is the medial pterygoid responsible for?

A

Elevation, protraction and lateral movement for chewing.

62
Q

Deviation of uvulla to the side suggests what?

A

Lesion in one of the vagus nerves.

63
Q

What nerves are involved for sensory information from pharyngeal muscles?

A

Cranial nerves IX,X

64
Q

What nerves are involved in motor function of pharyngeal muscles?

A

Cranial nerves X and XI

65
Q

What innervates the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal.

66
Q

What innervates the submandibular gland?

A

chorda tympani nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve.

67
Q

What innervates the sublingual gland?

A

chorda tympani nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve.

68
Q

What kind of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?

A

Mucous. Other 2 glands are serous.

69
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for most of the innervation of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve.

70
Q

What muscle allows you to stick your tongue out?

A

Contraction of genioglossus.

71
Q

Difference in testing of lesions of vagus and hypoglossal?

A

Uvulla deviates away from lesion - vagus nerve
Tongue deviates towards lesion - hypoglossal

72
Q

Sensory information of anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (lingual nerve)

73
Q

Sensory information of posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve.

74
Q

Taste information of anterior 2/3 tongue?

A

Facial nerve (chorda tympani).

75
Q

Taste information of posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve.

76
Q

Epiglottis innervation?

A

Internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve. Branch of vagus nerve.

77
Q

What are between concha?

A

Meatus.

Superior meatus
Middle meatus
Inferior meatus

78
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for smell (olfaction)?

A

Olfactory nerve.

79
Q

What cranial nerve is reponsible for sensation in the anterior portion of nasal cavity?

A

V1 - opthalmic division of trigeminal

80
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for sensation in posterior portion of nasal cavity?

A

V2 - maxillary division of trigeminal

81
Q

What cranial nerve innervates glands of nasal cavity?

A

Parasympathetic fibres of facial nerve.

82
Q

What nerves supply vascular smooth muscle of nasal cavity?

A

Sympathetic nerves from T1.

83
Q

What connects the ear and nasal cavity?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube.

84
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal, infraorbital vessels.

85
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscles?

A

Abducens nerve (Cranial nerve 6).

86
Q

What nerve innervates the medial, inferior and superior rectus muscles?

A

Oculomotor.

87
Q

What nerve innervates the superior oblique?

A

Trochlear nerve.

88
Q

What nerve innervates inferior oblique?

A

Oculomotor.

89
Q

What muscle in the orbit moves the eyelid?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

90
Q

What innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Oculomotor for voluntary movement. Sympathetic fibres for involuntary.

91
Q

What moves eye medially?

A

Medial rectus.

92
Q

What moves eye laterally?

A

Lateral rectus.

93
Q

What moves eye medially and inferiorly?

A

Inferior rectus.

94
Q

What moves eye laterally and inferiorly?

A

Superior oblique.

95
Q

What moves eye medially and superiorly?

A

Superior rectus.

96
Q

What moves eye laterally and superiorly?

A

Inferior oblique.

97
Q

What cranial nerve alters size of pupil and thickness of lens?

A

Oculomotor.

98
Q

Sensory innervation of lacrimal gland?

A

Lacrimal nerve, from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

99
Q

Autonomic innervation of lacrimal gland?

A

Parasympathetic nerves from facial nerve.

100
Q

What does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

A

Inside of nose.

101
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter. Temporalis. Lateral pterygoid. Medial pterygoid.

BRS (52 decks)

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