E4) The aerobic system in exercise & sports performance

Question 1

Key facts

Answer 1

Oxygen- present
Long term energy system
Light exercise & everyday actions
- glycogen & fatty acids breakdown providing the largest amounts of ATP
Product of carbon dioxide & water do not impede muscular contraction
Aerobic energy production- mitochondria
Improved aerobic fitness- easier to breakdown the carbohydrates & fats stores
Slow to engage- takes a few minutes for the oxygen to be provided to the working muscles via the heart

Question 2

Equation

Answer 2

O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 3

Stage 1: Aerobic Glycolysis

Answer 3

Breaking down foods into energy
Converts carbs (glucose & glycogen) into pyruvic using oxygen
Takes 10 chemical reactions- making the process slower at delivering energy
Produces 2 ATP molecules
Takes place in the sarcoplasm

Question 4

Stage 2: Krebs Cycle

Answer 4

AKA- Citric acid cycle
Vital in the aerobic respiratory pathway- but process is anaerobic
Takes place in the mitochondria
Pyruvic acids created in aerobic glycolysis enters the mitochondria & combines with CoA → Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA + OAA → citric acid
Produces 2 ATP molecules
Waste products- Carbon dioxide (breathed out via lungs) & hydrogen (used in stage 3)

Question 5

Stage 3: Electron transport chain

Answer 5

Produces the most ATP- most important step
Up to 34 ATP produced from glucose
Hydrogen from Krebs Cycle used
Hydrogen receptor found in the mitochondria- accepts hydrogen when in the presence of oxygen
ATP is produced
Water- by product