Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USLME > MTB Cardio > Flashcards

MTB Cardio Flashcards

0
Q

Post menopausal sudden overwhelming emotional stress and anger with chest pain

A

Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy
Elevated troponin but normal angio and no vasospasm
Left ventricle dyskinesis causing ballooning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

If the chest pain is not cardiac origin it is likely to be…

A

GI

GORD, ulcer, cholelithiasis, duodenitis, gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Three features of chest pain tell whether or not the pain is ischemic in nature:

A

Respiration
Position
Tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Radiation to back, unequal blood with widened pressure between mediastinum, chest arms

A

Aortic dissection Chest x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pain worse with lying flat, better when with ST elevation sitting up, young everywhere, PR (<40)

A

Pericarditis Electrocardiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epigastric discomfort, pain better when eating

A

Duodenal ulcer disease Endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bad taste, cough, hoarseness

A

Gastroesophageal Response to PPis;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cough, sputum, hemoptysis

A

Pneumonia Chest x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sudden-onset shortness of breath, tachycardia, hypoxia

A

Pulmonary embolus Spiral CT, V/Q scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sharp, pleuritic pain, tracheal deviation

A

Pneumothorax Chest x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maximum heart rate =

A

220 minus the age of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Use CCBs (verapamil/diltiazem) in CAD only with:

A
  • Severe asthma precluding the use of beta blockers
  • Prinzmetal variant angina
  • Cocaine-induced chest pain (beta blockers thought to be contraindicated)
  • Inability to control pain with maximum medical therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse Effects of CCBs

A

• Edema • Constipation (verapamil most often) • Heart block (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute coronary syndromes are associated with an S? gallop

A

Acute coronary syndromes are associated with an S4 gallop because of ischemia leading to noncompliance of the left ventricle. The 54 gallop is the sound of atrial systole as blood is ejected from the atrium into a stiff ventricle. A decrease of blood pressure of greater than 10 mm Hg on inspiration is a pulsus paradoxus and is associated with cardiac tamponade.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An increase in jugulovenous pressure on inhalation is…

A

the Kussmaul sign and is most often associated with constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardio-myopathy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ST elevation in leads II, Ill, aVF

A

ST elevation in leads II, Ill, and aVF is consistent with an acute myocardial infarc-tion, but of the inferior wall. Untreated, the mortality associated with an IWMI is less than 5% at 1 year after the event.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ST elevation in leads V2-V4

A

Leads V2 to V4 correspond to the anterior wall of the left ventricle. ST seg-ment elevation most often signifies an acute myocardial infarction. With an AWMI, mortality untreated is closer to 30%to40%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ST depression in leads V1 and V2

A

ST depressions in leads V1 and V2 are suggestive of a posterior wall myocardial infarc-tion. Infarctions of the posterior wall are associated with a very low mortality, and again, there is no additional therapy to give because of it.

18
Q

S3 gallop rhythm

A

CHF

19
Q

Sudden onset, clear lungs dyspnea

A

PE

20
Q

S udden onset, wheezing, increased expiratory phase dyspnea

A

Asthma

21
Q

Slower, fever, sputum, unilateral rales/rhonchi

A

Pneumonia

22
Q

Decreased breath sounds unilaterally, tracheal deviation dyspnea

A

Pneumothorax

23
Q

Circumoral numbness, caffeine use, history of anxiety

A

Panic attack

24
Q

Pallor, gradual over days to weeks dyspnea

A

Anemia

25
Q

Pulsus paradoxus , decreased heart sounds, JVD dyspnea

A

Tamponade

26
Q

Palpitations, syncope dyspnea

A

Arrthymia

27
Q

Long smoking history, barrel chest dyspnea

A

COPD

28
Q

Systolic Dysfunction (Low Ejection Fraction) treatment

A

ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) • Beta blockers • Spironolactone • Diuretics • Digoxin

29
Q

Acute pulmonary oedema presentation

A
  • Rales
  • JVD
  • s3 gallop
  • Edema
  • Orthopnea
30
Q

Which investigation if the diagnosis of the etiology of the shortness of breath is not clear?

A

Brain natriuretic peptide

Normal BNP exclude APO

31
Q

Acute pulmonary oedema treatment

A

Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrate
Diuretics furosemide

32
Q

Mitral stenosis unique features of presentation

A

Dysphasia
Hoarseness
AF
Hemoptysis

33
Q

Mitral stenosis treatment

A

1 Diuretics and sodium restriction when fluid overload is present in the lungs

  1. Balloon valvuloplasty done with a catheter
  2. Valve replacement only when a catheter procedure cannot be done, or fails
  3. Warfarin for atrial fibrillation to an INR of 2 to 3
  4. Rate control of atrial fibrillation with digoxin, beta blockers, or diltiazem/ verapamil
34
Q

Aortic stenosis presentation

A

Angina: most common presentation
Syncope
CHF: poorest prognosis with 2-year average survival

35
Q

Besides CHF, AR has a large array of relatively unique physical findings such as:

A
  • Wide pulse pressure
  • Water-hammer (wide, bounding) pulse
  • Quincke pulse (pulsations in the nail bed)
  • Hill sign (BP in legs as much as 40 mm Hg above arm BP)
  • Head bobbing (de Musset sign)
36
Q

Mitral valve prolapse presentation

A 
The symptoms of CHF are usually absent. 
The most common presentation is: 
• Atypical chest pain 
• Palpitations 
• Panic attack
37
Q

MVP murmur

A

Opposite to other murmurs
Valsalva or standing worsens
Increasing the venous return improves/diminishes the murmur

38
Q

Murmurs that do not increase with expiration:

A
  • HOCM

* MVP

39
Q

In addition to previous MI and ischemia, dilated cardiomyopathy can be from:

A
  • Alcohol
  • Postviral myocarditis
  • Radiation
  • Toxins such as doxorubicin
  • Chagas disease
40
Q

Digoxin and spironolactone in HCM

A

Always wrong

41
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy Causes are:

A

• Sarcoidosis • Amyloid • Hemochromatosis • Endomyocardial fibrosis • Scleroderma

42
Q

Pericarditis ECG findings

A

ST elevation in all leads and PR depression

USLME (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions