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USLME > Essential Drugs > Flashcards

Essential Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Allopurinal

Generic Indication Side effects Initiating treatment monitoring Dose pregnancy/Bfeeding hepatic renal

A
  1. xenthine oxidase inhibitor
  2. Gout
  3. gout, GI, rash +fever, agranulocytosis
  4. 2 weeks postgout, NSAID,colchi (3months),
  5. water uric acid<0.36, UnE,FBC monthly
  6. 100-300mg, start 100mg
  7. preg: avoid, BF: safe
  8. reduce
  9. reduce
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2
Q

Amytriptyline

Generic Indication Side effects Initiating treatment monitoring Dose pregnancy/Bfeeding hepatic renal

A
  1. tricyclic antidepressant
  2. depression, pain
  3. arrythmia, sedation (night), ACH, suicide, GI, sun sensitivity.
  4. CVD? (risk arrythmia), other SSRI’s?
  5. review effect?
  6. 30-200mg
  7. congenital, BF okay
  8. more sedative
  9. nil
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3
Q

Aspirin

A
  1. acetylsalicylic acid
  2. many
  3. bleeding, allergy, asthma, kidney,
  4. asthma? GI bleeding?
  5. no monitoring
  6. 75-325mg/d
  7. hemorrhage, PDA, REYE’s
  8. GI bleed
  9. renotoxic
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4
Q

bendrofluazide

A
  1. thiazide diuretic
  2. HTN etc
  3. post hypotension, diabetes, arrythmia, rash, lipid UnE, glucose, lipid
  4. UnE, glucose, lipid
  5. 2-10mg
  6. preg: bone marrow failure, BF: okay
  7. nil
  8. nil
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5
Q

Codein

A
  1. opiate
  2. pain
  3. nausea, constipation, abdo pain, sedation,
  4. constipation? Sedation? Laxatives
  5. review pain, constipation
  6. up to 300mg
  7. neonatal withdrawal
  8. accumulate
  9. reduce
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6
Q

diazepam, zopiclone, lorazepam

A
  1. Antianxiolytic/hypnotics
  2. Anxiety, Insomnia, Muscle spasm
  3. sedation, amnesia, addiction, ataxia
  4. risk of injury from sedation
  5. monitor symptomatic
  6. up to 30mg/d
  7. withdrawal, avoid BF
  8. reduce
  9. reduce
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7
Q

doxazosin, terazosin

A
  1. Alpha-blocker
  2. Prostate hypertrophy, Hypertension
  3. drowsiness, headaches and dizziness
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8
Q

diclofenac

A
  1. NSAID
  2. pain/inflammation
  3. Bleeding, peptic ulcer, renal toxic,
  4. GI bleed, renal funciton, omeprazole? renal function
  5. 75-150mg/d
  6. prolong labour, PDA close
  7. GI bleed
  8. toxic
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9
Q

digoxin

A
  1. digoxin
  2. atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and sometimes heart failure
  3. palpitation, syncope, SOB, diarhoea
  4. UnE
  5. weekly digoxin level 0.8-2ng/ml, UNE, LFT
  6. 75-150mg/d adjust dose,
  7. BF safe.
  8. …
  9. reduce
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10
Q

diltiazem

A
  1. calcium channel blockers
  2. hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia.
  3. bradycardia, palpitaitons, postural hypo, edema, rash
  4. heart failure?
  5. HR/BP
  6. 60mg TID
  7. avoid
  8. reduce
  9. start low
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11
Q

cilazapril, enalapril, quinapril

A
  1. ACE Inhibitor
  2. Hypertension, Heart failure, Diabetic nephropathy, Chronic kidney disease, Post-MI
  3. angioedema, postural hypo?, agranulocytosis
  4. peripheral vascular disease
  5. BP/creatinine/FBC
  6. 5mg-40mg/d
  7. defects, BF: neonatal hypo
  8. accumulation
  9. reduce
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12
Q

erythromycin

A
  1. Macrolide
  2. Atypical: Mycoplasma and legionellosis
  3. GI upset, jaundice, rash, palpitations
  4. OC? Finish course
  5. symptoms
  6. up to 4g/d
  7. okay
  8. hepatotoxicity
  9. max 1.65G (ototoxic)
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13
Q

ethanol

A
  1. alcohol
  2. …
  3. sedation, euphoria, aggression, depression, ataxia
  4. …
  5. serum alcohol
  6. …
  7. Fetal alcohol syndrome
  8. toxic
  9. …
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14
Q

fluoxetine

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Depression, Panic disorder
  3. GI, insomnia, suicidality, low sodium, impotence, rash
  4. other serotonin
  5. suicidality
  6. 20-60mg/d
  7. avoid
  8. reduce
  9. updose: deafness
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15
Q

frusemide

A
  1. Loop diuretics
  2. Congestive HF, oedema
  3. GI disturbance, postural hypo, rash
  4. UnE, LFT
  5. UnE, LFT
  6. up to 120mg
  7. maternal hypovolaemia, safe BF
  8. low K: encephalopathy
  9. …
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16
Q

gentamicin

A
  1. aminoglycoside antibiotic
  2. bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative organisms
  3. hearing loss, kidney, GI, rash
  4. …
  5. UNE, gent level,
  6. 3-5mg/kg daily
  7. ototoxic, nephrotoxic
  8. gent level
  9. reduce dose
17
Q

glicazide

A
  1. sulfonylurea/hypoglycemic
  2. …
  3. hypogly, GI, rash, low sodium
  4. blood sugar, weight
  5. blood sugar
  6. 40mg-320mg
  7. neonatal hypo
  8. low dose
  9. low dose
18
Q

glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide, perhexiline

A
  1. Antianginal
  2. Angina postural
  3. hypo, palpitations, headache
  4. sit down
  5. sit, 2 spray x2, ambulance.
  6. 2 spray
  7. okay, benefit:risk
19
Q

haloperidol

A
  1. typical antipsychotic/dopamine inverse agonist
  2. schizophrenia and acute psychotic states and delirium
  3. drowsy, sexual dysfunction, FAT, bradykinesia/dyskinesia, rash, NMS
  4. ECG, lipids glucose
  5. ECG, lipids, glucose.
  6. 3-10mg
  7. avoid if possible.
  8. monitor serum
  9. cerebral sensitivity
20
Q

heparin

A
  1. anticoagulant
  2. many
  3. HIT, hyperkalaemia, haemorrhage
  4. platelets, UNE
  5. APTT, platelets, UNE
  6. 0.5-5mg bid/tid
  7. okay
  8. APTT mon.
  9. APTT mon.
21
Q

insulin

A
  1. insulin
  2. diabetes
  3. hypo, fat hypertophery, hypersensitivity, rash
  4. vary sites in abdo, jelly bean,
  5. blood sugar
  6. fetal hypo
  7. reduced
  8. reduced
22
Q

propofol, lignocaine

A
  1. …
  2. Anaesthetics
  3. arrythmia, anaphylaxis, methhaemoglobin, CNS (tingling numbness, coma)
  4. …
  5. ECG?
  6. 3mg/kg+adrenaline= 7mg/kg
  7. okay
  8. increased side effects
  9. accumulation
23
Q

metformin

A
  1. biguanide
  2. diabetes
  3. gi upset, anorexia, taste disturbance, rash, lactic acidosis
  4. LFT, UnE, lactic acidosis stop dehydrated
  5. LFT, Une, blood sugar,
  6. 0.5g-2g
  7. okay
  8. caution, lactic acidosis
  9. lactic acidosis
24
Q

metoprolol

A
  1. β1 receptor blocker
  2. many
  3. bradycardia, postural hypotension, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, asthma
  4. asthma?
  5. BP, HR
  6. 100mg-400mg/d
  7. IUGR, beta blockade
  8. reduce
  9. …
25
Q

metronidazole

A
  1. …
  2. used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
  3. disulfram like, photosensitivity GI, taste, oral mucositis
  4. alcohol intake?
  5. high dose, >10 days, FBC 2g daily(up to 6dose/d)
  6. avoid
  7. reduce
  8. …
  9. …
26
Q

morphine

A
  1. …
  2. …
  3. sedation, psychosis, addiction, GI, resp dep
  4. constipation? Sedation?
  5. review pain, GCS, constipation
  6. 40mg/d titrate up
  7. baby withdrawal
  8. reduce
  9. reduce
27
Q

omeprazole

A
  1. PPI
  2. GORD/NSAIDs-induced gastric upset
  3. GI, headache, gynaecomastia, interstitial nephritis, SJS
  4. 30mins bfbf
  5. UnE, LFT
  6. up to 80mg
  7. not harmful
  8. <=20mg/d
  9. …
28
Q

paracetamol

A
  1. …
  2. …
  3. liver damage in Overdose!, rare: rash, blood disorders,
  4. other paracetamol? Avoid alcohol
  5. review pain/fever
  6. up to 4g/d, kids 15mg/kg q6h
  7. not harmful
  8. <3g/d
  9. …
29
Q

penicillin

A
  1. …
  2. …
  3. anaphylaxis, diarrhoea, convulsions
  4. penicillin sensitivity?
  5. clinical improvement
  6. up to 4g/d
  7. not harmful
  8. …
  9. …
30
Q

phenytoin

A
  1. antiepileptic
  2. ….
  3. bleeding, anaphylax, leucopenia, GI, sleep, paresthesia, behaviour avoid calcium/ alcohol cose to dose. phenytoin level 24 hrly, adjust to 4-6mg/kg 15-20mg/kg, OD/BID neural tubal defects reduce
31
Q

prednisone

A
  1. corticosteroid
  2. …
  3. fat, mood, glucose, infection, bone,
  4. infections?
  5. withdraw slowly, let doc know
  6. 20mg- 120?
  7. IUGR long term, Bf ok
32
Q

salbutamol

A
  1. β2-adrenergic receptor agonist
  2. …
  3. palpitations, tremor, sweating, muscle cramps
  4. spacer, before exercise?
  5. 3 puffs, see doc.
  6. PRN
  7. prolong labour
  8. …
  9. …
33
Q

simvastatin

A
  1. HMG-CoA reductase
  2. …
  3. GI, fatigue, muscle pain, rhabdomyalosis
  4. LFT, lipids
  5. 20mg-80mg
  6. congenital, breast feeding avoid
  7. monitor
  8. reduce
  9. …
34
Q

valproate

A
  1. anticonvulsant
  2. epilepsy, anorexia nervosa, panic attack, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, migraine and bipolar disorder
  3. suicidality, GI, twitching, flu-like symptoms, SJS
  4. start 600mg, increase 200mg /3d.
  5. LFT FBC, coagulation 1st 6months
  6. 1-2g/d
  7. malformations! breast feeding okay.
  8. avoid
  9. reduce dose
35
Q

warfarin

A
  1. …
  2. …
  3. bleeding, GI, jaundice, skin necrosis,
  4. start 2-5mg/d +hep 6d, adjust> 12 week check.
  5. INR 2-3
  6. maintainenence 2-10mg
  7. malformations! Haemorrhage risk
  8. monitor INR
  9. monitor INR

USLME (41 decks)

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