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Anatomy > exam 4 other > Flashcards

exam 4 other Flashcards

1
Q

layer that is continuous with endocardium of the heart

A

endothelium of capillaries

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2
Q

effect on chamber size from pulmonary hypertension

A

thick right ventricle

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3
Q

portion of the atria that do not expand

A

auricles

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4
Q

ridge between the pectinate muscles and smooth posterior wall f the right atrium

A

crista terminalis

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5
Q

which ventricle has thicker muslces

A

left because it is pumping systemically

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6
Q

what is meant by intrinsic conducting system of the heart?

A

nerves do not directly control the functions of the heart

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7
Q

what is the primary pacemaker of the heart

A

sinoatrial node

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8
Q

what is the secondary pacemaker of the heart

A

the atrioventricular bundle

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9
Q

what is meant by anastomotic flow?

A

there are backup pathways if a blockage were to occur such as in the circle of willis.

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10
Q

what becomes of the ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum anteriosum

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11
Q

what becomes of the umbilical arteies

A

medial umbilical ligaments

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12
Q

what is the most oxygenated vessel in fetal circulation

A

umbilical vein

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13
Q

which elements of fetal circulation bypass pulmonary circulation

A

ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

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14
Q

function of ductus venosus

A

blood diverts the liver

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15
Q

function of intercalated discs

A

bonding cardiac muscle cells together and in transmitting signals between cells

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16
Q

additional function of juxtamedullary nephron

A

keeps medullar tissue very salty to allow water conservation

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17
Q

name for peritubular capillaries of juxtamedullary nephrons

A

vasa recta

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18
Q

what function occurs within the renal corpuscle

A

filtration

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19
Q

what function occurs in the tubular portions of the nephrons

A

resorption and secretion

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20
Q

function of macula densa

A

release of renin in distal convoluted tubule which increases blood pressure.

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21
Q

level of the kidneys

A

t12-l3

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22
Q

branching of the renal artery

A

interlobar, arcuate, interlobular, then afferent arterioles that enteter the glomerular capsule

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23
Q

which is the more prominent type of nephron

A

cortical nephron

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24
Q

function of intercalated cells of collecting duct

A

acid/ base balance

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25
Q

function of principal cells of collecting duct

A

resorb na and secrete k

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26
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

smooth muscle cells which contracts in response to macula densa reducing gfr

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27
Q

what becomes of the gonadal ridge

A

testes/ovaries

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28
Q

what is formed by the mesonephric duct

A

vas deferens, epididymis, and ejaculatory ducts

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29
Q

what is formed by the parmesonephric duct

A

uterine tube and uterus

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30
Q

what is homologous to the labia majora

A

scrotum

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31
Q

what is homologous to the labia minora

A

penile urethra

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32
Q

what is homologous to the vestibular bulb

A

corpus spongiosum

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33
Q

what is homologous to the vestibular gland

A

bulbourethral gland

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34
Q

what is homologous to prostate gland

A

paraurethral/ skene’s gland

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35
Q

function of gubernaculum

A

pulls testes down in scrotum via relative shortening

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36
Q

function of sustinacular/certolia cells

A

surround, support, and nourish the testes

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37
Q

difference between spermatogenesis and spermeogenesis

A

spermatogenesis is from primary spermatocyte to sperm and spermeogenesis is just from spermatids to sperm

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38
Q

precurser to spermatocyte

A

spermatogonia

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39
Q

which cells provide seal for blood-testes barrier

A

sustinacular cells

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40
Q

covering of sperm head with digestive enzymes

A

acrosome

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41
Q

where is mitochondria in sperm

A

neck

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42
Q

energy source found in semen

A

fructose

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43
Q

describe musculature of epididymis and ductus deferens

A

longitudinal, circular, longitudinal smooth muscle

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44
Q

what type of gland is the prostate

A

tubular alveolar gland

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45
Q

secretions of seminal vesicles

A

fructose, prostaglandin

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46
Q

function of prostaglandin

A

reverse uterus peristalsis

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47
Q

secretions of bulbourethral gland

A

alkaline mucus to get rid of trace acids

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48
Q

what nervous systems divisions are active in male reproductive measures

A

parasympathetic-erection
sympathetic- ejaculation

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49
Q

process of delivery of the baby

A

partuition

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50
Q

resorption of all follicles that do not ovulate

A

atresia

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51
Q

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur

A

degenerates into tunica albicans

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52
Q

what causes the ovum to develop

A

leutinizing hormone

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53
Q

what vessels serve the stratum functionale

A

spiral arteries

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54
Q

what is the normal position of the uterus

A

anteverted

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55
Q

The constricted part of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina is called the

A

cervix

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56
Q

What structure reabsorbs the most glomerular filtrate?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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57
Q

What hormone regulates water permeability in the collecting duct?

A

adh

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58
Q

What cells produce testosterone?

A

interstitial cells

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59
Q

If the chordae tendinae of an animal’s heart were cut, the most likely effect would be

A

valvular prolapse

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60
Q

An erectile tissue present in the penis but absent from the clitoris is

A

corpus spongiosum

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61
Q

Tubular fluid is called urine by the end of the

A

collecting duct

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62
Q

What is found in the ovarian cortex?

A

ovarian follicles and connective tissue

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63
Q

A nephron consists of two portions

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

63
Q

the blood-testes barrier…

A

Protects sperm antigens from exposure to the cells of the immune system

64
Q

posterior cerebral arteries branch from…

A

basilar arteries

65
Q

Which condition of the heart is most likely to contribute to pulmonary hypertension

A

mitral valve stenosis

66
Q

The shortest portion of the male urethra is the ___

A

membranous urethra

67
Q

The female gamete is not completely created until meiosis 2. Meiosis 2 occurs when

A

the secondary oocyte has been fertilized by sperm

68
Q

What is the outer, fibrous covering of the heart that is made up of dense irregular
connective tissue?

A

parietal pericardium

69
Q

Filtration occurs in the

A

renal corpuscle

70
Q

Principal cells in the kidney are responsible for

A

regulation of na/k levels

71
Q

Cardiac centers located in the ___ either accelerate or inhibit the heart.

A

medulla oblongata

72
Q

Due to cardiac muscle cells being almost totally dependent on aerobic respiration,
the sarcoplasm

A

Has a huge reserve of mitochondria and myoglobin

73
Q

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

A

baroreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure

74
Q

What vein(s) drains the thoracic and abdominal walls?

A

azygos

75
Q

The loop of Henle is found in the renal

A

medulla

76
Q

A weakened vessel that bulges when the heart contracts is called

A

an aneyrism

77
Q

During the QRS wave

A

the atria are repolarizing (and ventricles depolarizing)

78
Q

All of the following processes are important in follicular development. Which one
occurs first?

A

gnhr secretion

79
Q

The cervical canal opens into

A

The vagina inferiorly and the uterus superiorly

80
Q

The process of oogenesis in the female ultimately gives rise to

A

1 ovum and 2 polar bodies

81
Q

What feature of intercalated discs allows electrical signals to pass directly from
one cell to the next?

A

gap junctions

82
Q

All of the following are supplied by branches of the celiac trunk except

A

small intestines

83
Q

When the semilunar valves closed?

A

the ventricles are relaxing

84
Q

How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?

A

none

85
Q

If there is a blockage between the SA and AV node, the ECG would show one of
the following patterns:

A

There would be more QRS complexes than P waves

86
Q

The capillary beds that receive blood from the efferent arterioles (in the kidney)
are called the

A

peritubular capillaries

87
Q

What percentage of the total volume of blood circulating through the body makes it through the kidneys in one day?

A

25

87
Q

What percentage of the total volume of blood circulating through the body makes it through the kidneys in one day?

A

25

88
Q

Which of these is not a tributary of the hepatic portal vein?

A

lumbar vein

89
Q

Blood in the hepatic portal vein carries blood

A

high in nutrient

90
Q

The circle of Willis “encircles” which of the following?

A

infundibulum of the pituitary gland

91
Q

One of the major differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle is that cardiac muscle

A

lacks a triad

92
Q

The vesicouterine pouch is located

A

anterior to the uterus

93
Q

When the vas deferens fuses with the base of the seminal vesicle, it forms (the)

A

ejaculatory duct

94
Q

In fetal circulation, blood may bypass the pulmonary circuit by passing from the
pulmonary trunk to the aorta through the

A

ductus arteriosus

95
Q

The atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves are closed during

A

ventricular systole

96
Q

The midline raised structure of the external scrotum is the

A

perineal raphe

97
Q

The ovarian follicles, after birth, will have within them

A

follicular cells and an oocyte

98
Q

During their period of systole, the inner volume of the atrial chambers

A

decreases

99
Q

The Mesovarium ligament attaches to the ovary to

A

the broad ligament

100
Q

The contents of the spermatic cord do not include

A

The gubernaculum testis

101
Q

Atrial and ventricular musculature is known as a functional syncytium because

A

each functions like an enormous muscle cell

102
Q

The coronary sinus….

A

receives collected blood from great and middle cardiac veins

103
Q

The first location in the kidney where the completely formed urine reaches is the

A

minor calyx

104
Q

The septa of the testis are formed from a part of the

A

Collagen fibers of the tunica albuginea

105
Q

The vagina is lined by a

A

stratified squamous

106
Q

The ovarian cycle is initiated by which of the following hormones?

A

fsh only

107
Q

The inner layer of the renal capsule lines the

A

renal sinus

108
Q

Podocytes form the lining of the

A

bowman’s capsule

109
Q

During the time period occurring between the closure of the tricuspid valve
and the closure of the appropriate semilunar valve

A

the ventricle is contracting

110
Q

If the amount of blood that was to return to the right atrium was dramatically
reduced, what would happen to the stimulation pattern of the heart?

A

the sympathetic nervous system would become more active

111
Q

How would the heart rate be affected if there was a blockage of the AV node?

A

The heart rate would slow dramatically, and become extremely irregular,
contracting only when the ventricles become overfull

112
Q

An intercalated disk is or does all of the following except

A

Have a smooth junction between the sarcolemma of abutting muscle cells

113
Q

Functions of the urinary system exclude

A

hormonal control of blood sugar levels

114
Q

Each nephron empties into the

A

collecting duct

115
Q

By the third month of development, fetal kidneys begin to produce filtrate.
How and why does this filtrate differ from that secreted in the adult?

A

The fetal filtrate does not contain waste products, which are instead excreted through the placenta

116
Q

Fertilization of a mature ovum normally occurs in the

A

the uterine tube

117
Q

The most typical changes that occur during the male climacteric include:

A

declining testosterone levels

118
Q

The septa of the testis are formed from a part of the

A

extensions of the tunica albugenia

119
Q

The right atrium can be distinguished from the left atrium based upon all of these
criteria EXCEPT

A

the opening of the coronary artery

120
Q

A person has a condition where it seen that his atrial chambers and ventricular
chambers both are capable of contracting however, often there are two or more atrial
contractions in a row before the ventricle contracts. Based upon just this information you
would conclude that this pattern was due to a problem in his

A

cardiac conduction system

121
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

have windows or pores in their walls

122
Q

The hormone that appears in the human bloodstream soon after implantation
occurs and is indicative of pregnancy is

A

hcg

123
Q

In the testis, the first step in meiosis is the

A

Production of interstitial cells in response to a surge in the production of LH

124
Q

Which of the following is an important function of the vaginal canal?

A

can stretch

125
Q

The process of urination is coordinated by the

A

micturation reflex

126
Q

Blood enters the nephron via the

A

afferent arteriole

127
Q

The chambers of the heart fill during

A

diastole

128
Q

The touch structure that surrounds the heart and helps prevent overfilling is the

A

pericardial sac

129
Q

The most extensive connection of the uterus to the pelvic wall is the

A

broad ligament

130
Q

The menstrual cycle begins with

A

the onset of menses

131
Q

The narrow space linking the scrotum to the peritoneal cavity is the

A

inguinal canal

132
Q

Nephroptosis is a condition associated with changes in this structure

A

the adipose capsule

133
Q

The thinnest-walled blood vessels in the body are

A

capillaries

134
Q

Into which division of the urethra, if any, do the ejaculatory ducts open?

A

prostatic urethra

135
Q

The mid-ventral mass of erectile tissue in the penis is a

A

corpus spongiosum

136
Q

In which of the following structures can blood be found?
i. Bowman’s capsule
ii. Glomerulus
iii. Efferent arteriole
iv. Loop of Henle
v. Collecting tubule
vi. Vasa recta

A

2,3,6

137
Q

All of these structures are associated with the pre-ovulatory follicle except

A

granulosa cells

138
Q

The male reproductive duct that is six meters long but is tightly coiled into a 3.5
cm. distance is the _____.

A

vas deferens

139
Q

Which structure(s) are under somatic motor control?

A

external urethral sphincter

140
Q

Trace the route of an oxygenated red blood cell from the time it passes into the
kidney in a renal artery until it enters a venule as a deoxygenated red blood cell by
placing the following vessels in their correct order
i. Segmental artery
ii. Arcuate artery
iii. Interlobar artery
iv. Peritubular capillary
v. Afferent arteriole
vi. Peritubular venule
vii. Efferent arteriole
viii. Interlobular artery
ix. Glomerular capillaries

A

c. 1,3,2,8,5,9,7,4,6

141
Q

The vestibular bulbs serve to

A

constrict the vagina during intercourse

142
Q

The two portions of a nephron that commonly contribute to the juxtaglomerular apparatus are the

A

Distal portion of ascending limb of loop of Henle and afferent arteriole

143
Q

A patient who suffers from chronic bladder infections could eventually develop a
more serious kidney infection. Which structure is responsible for the spread of the
inflammation?

A

ureter

144
Q

Maximum pressure in the cardiac cycle is attained due to or during

A

ventricular systole

145
Q

Which cells produce estrogen?

A

theca cells

146
Q

The seminal vesicles are found

A

on the dorsal surface of the urinary bladder

147
Q

When a clot forms in a coronary vessel and obstructs blood flow to the muscle,
the condition is referred to as

A

coronary thrombosis

148
Q

The glomerulus is made up of many

A

fenestrated capillaries

149
Q

The spermatic cord does not include

A

efferent ductules

150
Q

EKG analysis is especially useful in detecting

A

cardiac arrythmias

151
Q

Which of the following conditions would be caused if the amount of blood entering the ascending aorta with each contraction of the heart were increased?

A

The amount of blood entering the right atrium of the heart would have been increased

152
Q

Which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in
the interventricular septum?

A

bundle branches

153
Q

What vessel collects blood that has passed through and supplied the heart tissue
and empties into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

154
Q

Development of a girl’s breasts at puberty is called

A

thelarche

155
Q

Speech centers in the brain may be affected mostly by blockages in the

A

middle cerebral artery

Anatomy (20 decks)

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