Chapter 9 (MIDTERM)

Question 1

What is the most significant cause of weight loss of malnutrition in older adults?

Answer 1

Poverty

Question 2

Who is at higher nutritional risk?

Answer 2

Older, female, unmarried/widowed/divorced, lives in special housing (facility), functionally impaired

Question 3

What is three psychological factors that influence nutritional risk in older adults?

Answer 3

Depression
Anxiety
Dementia

Question 4

Why are patients with dementia a risk for nutrition?

Answer 4

They wander excessively instead of consuming food
They may have a fear that the food is being poisoned

Question 5

Older adults with COPD report they cannot eat their meals because of what

Answer 5

Increase dyspnea

Question 6

Which two diseases cause hypermetabolism, which may lead to weight loss

Answer 6

Hyper thyroidism
Parkinson’s disease

Question 7

what is isotonic dehydration

Answer 7

Results from the loss of sodium and water

Question 8

What is hypertonic dehydration?

Answer 8

Results from more water loss than sodium loss

Question 9

What is hypotonic dehydration?

Answer 9

May occur with diuretic use when sodium loss is higher than water loss

Question 10

What are three micro nutrients that are commonly found to be a deficit in older adults?

Answer 10

Vitamin D
Calcium
Vitamin B12

Question 11

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to what

Answer 11

Cancer progression
Bone health
Osteoporosis
Fractures

Question 12

Vitamin B 12 deficiency has been linked to what

Answer 12

Pernicious anemia
Bone health
Cognitive decline in older adults

Question 13

What is the term for the state of being poorly nourished?

Answer 13

Malnutrition

Question 14

What are the two major markers of malnutrition?

Answer 14

Sarcopenia
Cachexia

Question 15

The decline in skeletal muscle mass that can result from physical inactivity, disuse of muscles, reduced levels of growth hormone and testosterone, neuromuscular changes, and insufficient dietary protein?

Answer 15

Sarcopenia

Question 16

Older adults can become sarcopenic after what

Answer 16

Lengthy, hospitalizations or illness

Question 17

What is characterized by loss of fat and muscle mass accompanied with anorexia

Answer 17

Cachexia

Question 18

What is one of the most common causes of poor food intake in older adults

Answer 18

Xerostomia (dry mouth)

Question 19

Xerostomia in older adult is most likely caused by

Answer 19

Drug induced

Question 20

Scanning device that allows the practitioner to evaluating not only bone density at several sites, but also evaluate body fat in a minimum amount of time with minimum radiation exposure

Answer 20

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Question 21

What is the first clue that dysphasia may be a problem?

Answer 21

Development of aspiration pneumonia

Question 22

Somebody who has dysphasia should eat how?

Answer 22

Upright position with arms and feet supported
head is midline with chin slightly tucked
Position should be maintained for at least 30 minutes after eating

Question 23

What is not recommended for the dysphasia mechanically altered diet

Answer 23

Foods such as breads, peas, corn should be avoided

Question 24

Type of nutrition that consist of intervenous solution that includes dextrose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, trace elements, and water

Answer 24

Parental nutrition

Question 25

How is parental nutrition administered?

Answer 25

Through a vascular access device, such as a central venous catheter or an implanted port