Pharmacology/Statistics/Ethics

Question 1

[Pharm/Basic]

Affects between body and drug

Pharmacokinetics: __
Pharmacodynamics: __

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics: how the body affects the drug
Pharmacodynamics: how the drug affects the body

Question 2

[Pharm/Sedation]

Levels of sedation

__ : Normal response to verbal commands
__ : Purposeful response to light tactile stimulation, needs continuous pulse ox and HR, intermittent RR and BP
__ : purposeful response to painful stimuli, continuous monitoring
__ : no response to painful stimulation, requires respiratory support

Answer 2

_Minimal : Normal response to verbal commands
Moderate : Purposeful response to light tactile stimulation, needs continuous pulse ox and HR, intermittent RR and BP
Deep : purposeful response to painful stimuli, continuous monitoring
General Anesthesia : no response to painful stimulation, requires respiratory support

Question 3

[Pharm/Sedation]

Indications and sedatives

Diagnostic testing: __ (4)
ICU sedation: __ (1)
Nonpainful procedures: __ (1)
Painful procedures: __ (1)
Dental work: __ (1)

Answer 3

Diagnostic testing: Propofol, Dexmedetomidine, pentobartibal (without IV access), methohexital
ICU sedation: Dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
Nonpainful procedures: Midazolam
Painful procedures: Ketamin
Dental work: Nitrous oxide

Question 4

[Stat/Screening]

True positive (TP), False positive (FP)

Positive predictive value = __
Negative predictive valve = __
When prevalence is low, PPV is __

Answer 4

Positive predictive value = TP (TP+FP)
Negative predictive valve = TN (TN+FN)
When prevalence is low, PPV is low

Question 5

[Stat/Designs]

Cohort vs Case-control observational study

__ : Group followed over to see which exposure cause disease
__ : people with disease compared to people without disease

Question 6

[Stat/Error]

Type 1 vs type 2 error

There is difference in outcomes when there is not: __ (p-value)
There is no difference when there is: __ (reduced by increased power)

Answer 6

There is difference in outcomes when there is not: Type 1 (p-value)
There is no difference when there is: Type 2 (reduced by increased power, increased sample)

Question 7

[Stat/NNT]

Number to treat equation?

Answer 7

NTT = 1/absolute risk reduction
(ARR = control event rate - experimental event rate)