5.3 MAKING SALTS Flashcards
What soluble salts are made by the insoluble base method
Those without Na, NH4, or K ions
What must the base reactant be when making a soluble salt with the insoluble base method
Insoluble
How to carry out the insoluble base method for making a soluble salt
- Heat the acid - Hot acid has more kinetic energy, so reacts faster with the base
- Add the base till no more will dissolve and stir - the base is in excess so we know all the acid has been used up
- Filter out excess base
- CRYSTALLISE
How to perform a crystallisation for a soluble salt
- Heat solution until crustals start to form - solution becomes saturated
- Allow solution to cool in evaporating basin - lowers solubility of salt
- Filter out crystals - removes them from excess salt solution in basin
- Dry crystals by dabbing with filter paper - removes last traces of water
When is the titration method used for making a soluble salt
When alkalis contain Na, K, or NH ions, as you wouldn’t be able to filter them out, like the insoluble base method
How to carry out the titration method for making a soluble salt
- Perform a titration to measure the volumes of acid and alkali that neutralise each other (with an indicator)
- Repreat without an indicator, and use the burette to add exactly the right amount for neutralisation
- CRYSTALLISE
What is a precipitate
An insoluble solid that forms inside a solution
How is a precipitate formed
Mixing ions up, and seeing insoluble compounds form
What type of substance is used to make an insoluble salt
Mixing solutions
What are spectator ions
Ions that aren’t involved in making a percipitate and remain soluble in the solution
How to write an ionic equation
Just write the ions involving the precipitation
How to write an ionic equation
Just write the ions involving the precipitation
How to prepare an insoluble salt
- Filter out salt precipitate
- Rinse the salt with water, to wash off traces of leftover solution
- Dry the salt by dabbing it with filter paper - removes the last traces of water
