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CHEMISTRY > 3.4 ACIDS > Flashcards

3.4 ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What colour does methyl orange turn in an acid

A

Red

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2
Q

What colour is methyl orange in alkali and neutral

A

Yellow

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3
Q

What color is phenolphthalein in an acid and neutral

A

Colourless

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4
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an alkali

A

Pink

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5
Q

What colour would a strong acid be on universal indicator

A

Red

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6
Q

What would a weak acid be on universal indicator

A

Yellow

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7
Q

What colour is neutral on a universal indicator scale

A

Green

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8
Q

What would a weak alkali be on universal indicator

A

Blue

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9
Q

What would a strong alkali be on universal indicator

A

Purple

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10
Q

Define the term acid

A

A H+ Donor

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11
Q

Define the term alkali

A

A OH- donor

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12
Q

Acid + Base = ?

A

Salt + Water

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13
Q

Acid + Metal = ?

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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14
Q

What is the formula for ammonium

A

NH4+

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15
Q

What is the formula and charge for hydroxide

A

OH-

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16
Q

What is the formula and charge for nitrate

A

NO3-

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17
Q

What is the formula and charge for carbonate

A

CO3 (2-)

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18
Q

What is the formula and charge for sulphate

A

SO4 (2-)

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19
Q

What is the difference between alkalis and bases

A

Alkalis are soluble and bases aren’t

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20
Q

Acid + Carbonate = ?

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

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21
Q

What is the test for hydrogen

A

A lit splint will make a squeaky pop in hydrogen

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22
Q

What is the concentration of nitrogen in the air

A

78%

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23
Q

What is the concentration of oxygen in the air

A

21%

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24
Q

What is the concentration of argon in the air

A

0.96%

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25
Q

What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air

A

0.04%

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26
Q

How do you measure the concentration of oxygen in the air

A

By reacting it with another metal and finding the decrease in volume of air

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27
Q

What are the 2 common faults of the experiment of finding the concentration of oxygen in the air

A

1) Wasn’t given enough time to react

2) There was a leak in the apparatus

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28
Q

Metal + Oxygen = ? (+State)

A

Metal oxide (Solid)

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29
Q

Non-Metal + Oxygen = ? (+State)

A

Non-Metal dioxide (Solid)

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30
Q

What is a unique observation of magnesium and oxygen

A

Bright white light, and white powder formed

31
Q

What is the unique observation of sulphur and oxygen

A

Blue flame

32
Q

Charge of Silver

A

+

33
Q

Charge of zinc

A

2+

34
Q

Charge of Copper

A

2+

35
Q

Charge of lead

A

2+

36
Q

What is the test for oxygen

A

A glowing splint will relight in a test tube

37
Q

What do metal oxides become when dissolved in water

A

alkaline soloution

38
Q

What do non-metal dioxides become when dissolved in water

A

Acidic soloution

39
Q

How do you determine whether an unknown element was a metal or non-metal

A

1) Combust it in oxygen
2) Dissolve the oxide formed
3) Check the pH of the solution with an indicator

40
Q

Define a base

A

H+ Acceptor

41
Q

What is the formula for ammonia

A

NH3

42
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

43
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

44
Q

What is the formula for sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

45
Q

What is the formula for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

46
Q

What is the formula for carbonic acid

A

H2CO3

47
Q

What is the formula for ammonium hydroxide

A

NH4OH

48
Q

Define a polyatomic ion

A

An ion that contains more than one ion

49
Q

What salts are completely soluble

A

Sodium, Potassium, Ammonium and nitrate

50
Q

What is chloride insoluable with

A

Silver and lead

51
Q

What is sulphate insoluble with

A

Calcium, Barium and lead

52
Q

What is carbonate soluble with

A

Sodium, potassium and ammonium

53
Q

What is hydroxide soluable with

A

Sodium, potassium and calcium

54
Q

What is oxide soluble with

A

Sodium, potassium and ammonium

55
Q

What are 2 observations from an acid+Metal reaction

A

The metal disappears and effervescence

56
Q

What 3 metals are too reactive to do a metal+acid reaction

A

Potassium, sodium and lithium

57
Q

What 3 metals aren’t reactive enough to do a metal+acid reaction and why

A

Copper, silver and gold as they are less reactive than hydrogen

58
Q

What is the only observation of a acid+base reaction

A

The base is used up in the reaction

59
Q

What are the 4 stages to making a salt crystal

A

1) Add the base to an acid and heat it
2) Filter out excess base
3) Heat the salt solution until crystals start to form on the outside
4) Leave the salt solution to crystallize

60
Q

What are the two observations of an acid Carbonate reaction

A

The carbonate disappears and effervesence

61
Q

Acid + Ammonia –> ?

A

Ammonium Salt

62
Q

Acid + Hydroxide –> ?

A

Salt + Water

63
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide –> ?

A

Salt +Water

64
Q

What colour does red litmus turn in acids

A

Red

65
Q

What colour does red litmus turn in a neutral substance

A

Red

66
Q

What colour does red litmus turn in alkalis

A

Blue

67
Q

What colour does Blue litmus turn in acids

A

Red

68
Q

What colour does Blue litmus turn in a neutral substance

A

Blue

69
Q

What colour does blue litmus turn in alkalis

A

Blue

70
Q

Why shouldn’t litmus paper be used alone to determine is a solution is acidic or alkali

A

1) It doesn’t give an indication of of how acidic or alkalinic it is and so universal indicator should be used as well
2) It stays the same colour in neutral substances as well

71
Q

Non-metal oxides dissolved in water form what

A

Acidic soloutions

72
Q

Metal oxides dissolved in water form what

A

Alkaline Solutions

73
Q

What colour is copper powder when combined with oxygen

A

Black

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