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Dent Y3 > Immunosuppressant Drugs > Flashcards

Immunosuppressant Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overall use of immunosuppressant drugs?

A

to suppress the activation of the immune system

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2
Q

Name four conditions you can manage with immunosuppressants?

A

rheumatoid/arthiritic disorders, organ rejection, autoimmune disorders, severe IBD

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3
Q

Name the four classes of immunosuppressive drugs

A

glucocorticoids, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics

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4
Q

Where are glucocorticoids secreted in the body?

A

middle layer of the adrenal gland

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5
Q

What are some clinical uses of glucocorticoids?

A

asthma, allergies, eczema, hypersensitivity states, autoimmune diseases, suppression of organ rejection

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6
Q

Name two common oral glucocorticoids

A

prednisolone and betamethasone

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7
Q

What is the suffix for glucocorticoids?

A

-one

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8
Q

Do oral or injectable glucocorticoids have a longer duration of action?

A

injectable

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9
Q

Which part of the immune system do glucocorticoids suppress?

A

IL-2 transcription which prevents proliferation and activation of T-cells

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10
Q

What does DMARDs stand for?s

A

Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs

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11
Q

Which part of the immune system to DMARDs suppress?

A

prevent the activation of the cells that erode cartilage and bone

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12
Q

What are some clinical uses for methotrexate (DMARD)?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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13
Q

Give an example of a DMARD?

A

methotrexate

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14
Q

Which part of the immune system do Azathioprine and Mycophenolate mofetil suppress?

A

purine synthesis which inhibits DNA synthesis which inhibits cell proliferation

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15
Q

Is Mycophenolate mofetil a prodrug or a full drug?

A

prodrug

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16
Q

What are some clinical uses of azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil?

A

prevent organ rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disorders

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17
Q

What are biologics?

A

active pharmaceutical ingredients that may be living identities

18
Q

Give some examples of biologics

A

vaccines, blood, blood components, gene therapy

19
Q

Are biologics or synthetic small molecules larger?

A

biologics

20
Q

Are biologics available for oral administration?

A

no, injectable only

21
Q

What are the targets for biologics?

A

extracellular targets

22
Q

Can all biologic cross a cell membrane?

A

no most are too big

23
Q

Is the precise structure of all biologics the same?

A

no, it depends on the cell/organism used for production

24
Q

What are the aims of biologics therapy?

A

replace an abnormal or deficient protein, alter an existing biological process, provide a new function

25
Q

What are some examples of ways biologics can replace an abnormal or deficient protein?

A

insulin therapy

26
Q

What are some examples of ways biologics can enhance or inhibit an existing biological process?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

What are some types of biologics?

A

monoclonal antibodies, proteins, viral vectors, stem cell therapy

28
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies?

A

proteins used by the immune system to identify and neutralise foreign proteins and organisms

29
Q

How can you produce monoclonal antibodies in the lab?

A

clone individual cells to produce identical antibodies

30
Q

What are the mechanisms of monoclonal antibody action?

A

ligand blockade, receptor blockade, receptor downregulation, signalling induction, cell depletion, payload delivery

31
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies cause ligand blockade?

A

prevent the ligand interacting with the receptor

32
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies cause receptor blockade?

A

don’t activate the receptor, just prevent the ligand binding

33
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies cause receptor downregulation?

A

bind to the receptors on the cell surface

34
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies cause signalling induction?

A

they can trigger intracellular signalling upon binding

35
Q

How can monoclonal antibodies cause cell depletion?

A

start the cell death process

36
Q

How can monoclonal antibodies help with payload delivery?

A

they can deliver other drugs into the body

37
Q

What is an important cytokine in arthritis?

A

TNF alpha

38
Q

How do anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies work?

A

will recognise and bind to TNF alpha which prevents TNF alpha from binding to its receptor. This inhibits gene transcription and therefore inhibits cell proliferation

39
Q

What can anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies be used to treat?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

40
Q

What is the suffix for monoclonal antibodies?

A

-mab

41
Q

Give the name of the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody

A

adalimumab

Dent Y3 (23 decks)

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