Ruminants

Question 1

where does the superficial greater omentum lie

Answer 1

down the left longitudinal groove to the right, under the deuodenum

Question 2

where does the deep wall of the greater omentum lie

Answer 2

attached to the right side

Question 3

what is the omental bursa

Answer 3

hollow space formed by the greater and lesser omentum

Question 4

what is the epiploic foramen, where is it?

Answer 4

passage “communication” between the omental bursa and the peritoneal cavity
i between the caudate lobe of the liver and the right kidney and pancreas

Question 5

where does the lesser omentum lie?

Answer 5

covers the omasum

Question 6

describe the topography of the oesophagus

Answer 6

descends dorsal to the trachea, the lies left, regains median position and enters the thoratic inlet. Contanues beyond tracheal bifurication then penetrates the oesophageal hiatus

Question 7

where is the primary area for choke

Answer 7

thoratic inlet
base of heart
diaphragmatic hiatus
rumen cardia

Question 8

what lines the 4 chambered stomach

Answer 8

keritansied stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

what is the purpose of the keritanised epithelium

Answer 9

upper layer potects against tough plant material
deeper layer absorbs volatile fatty acids

Question 10

what is the function of the tumen

Answer 10

fermentation VAT

Question 11

what is the compartment for the rumen and reticulum called

Answer 11

ruminoreticular compartment

Question 12

what is the function of the reticulum

Answer 12

is a pump to allow liquids to flow in and out of the rumen

Question 13

where does the rumen and reticulum occupy

Answer 13

entire Left side
7th rib to the pelvis

Question 14

where does the reticulum lie

Answer 14

medial to the 6th and 8th cranial wall at the level of the elbow

Question 15

where is the omasum

Answer 15

lower crianial abdomen bewteen the reticulum and cranial rumen (left) and then liver (right)

Question 16

where is the abomasum

Answer 16

lies on the abdominal, pyloric region on the midline

Question 17

does the abomasum contact the liver?

Answer 17

only in sheep

Question 18

what are grooves

Answer 18

thickened smooth muscle on the inside of the rumen

Question 19

where are ruminal pillars

Answer 19

divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sac

Question 20

where are coronaru pillars

Answer 20

divide caudal blind sac

Question 21

where are cranial pillars

Answer 21

divides dorsal and cranial sacs

Question 22

what are the 3 rumen sacs

Answer 22

dorsal
caudo ventral (blind)
ventral

Question 23

what is the purpose of forestomach papillae

Answer 23

increase SA
absorb VFA

Question 24

what is the purpose of the gastric groove

Answer 24

allow milk in young to bypass the forestomach so it is not fermented and go straight to the abomasum

Question 25

what connects the cardia to the abomasum

Answer 25

spiral mucal folds

Question 26

where is the reticular groove

Answer 26

between the ruminoreticular compartments

Question 27

what is the omentum’s unique ability

Answer 27

promote homeostasis and healing

Question 28

where does the lesser omentum start

Answer 28

visceral surface of the liver

Question 29

what is the supraomental recess

Answer 29

space containing all intestines surrounded by greater omentum

Question 30

what is the function of the omasum?

Answer 30

water absorption

Question 31

what is the interal structure of the omasum

Answer 31

longitudinal folds/ lamina hanging like pages on a book

Question 32

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 32

enzymatic digestion

Question 33

what are the functions of the large intestines?

Answer 33

absorb water and volatile fatty acids

Question 34

what are the parts of the colon in order

Answer 34

ascending: proximal loop
spiral loop
distal loop
transverse colon
descending colon

Question 35

how is the stomach vascularised

Answer 35

splenic
left gastric
hepatic artery

branches of the celiac artery

Question 36

what innervates the intestines?

Answer 36

cranial mesenteric artery
deuodenum = celiac
descending colon = caudal mesenteric

Question 37

how is the GIT innervated

Answer 37

vagus nerve for rumination
splanchnic nerve for minor contraction and luminal diameters of arteriols
enteric