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Biology > Homeostasis And Response > Flashcards

Homeostasis And Response Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 nervous system responses ?

A

Stimulus, receptor, coordinator, effector, response

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2
Q

What’s the behaviour of the nervous system based on ?

A

Involuntary and voluntary actions

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3
Q

What are the two main parts of the central nervous system ?

A

Brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

Why are reactions essential ?

A

They protect the human body

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5
Q

The the order of nervous response ?

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Receptor
  3. Coordinator
  4. Effector
  5. Response
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6
Q

What is a stimulus ?

A

A change in a internal/exsternal environment

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7
Q

What is the neurones ?

A

They carry electrical impulses

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8
Q

3 coordination centres ?

A

Brain, spine, pancreas

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9
Q

What are the two types of effectors ?

A

Muscles and glands

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10
Q

Why is homeostasis important ?

A

Maintains the conditions for cell and organ function also enzyme activity

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11
Q

Give the three internal conditions controlled by homeostasis ?

A

Body temperature, blood glucose concentration, water levels

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12
Q

What are receptors ?

A

Specialised cells that detect the stimulus

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13
Q

What are the coordinators ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the effectors ?

A

Muscles and glands

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15
Q

What are Reflex arcs ?

A

Electrical impulses from the spinal cord/ relay neurone for reflex

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16
Q

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal gland ?

A

Adrenaline

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17
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce ?

A

Thyroxine

18
Q

What are the two hormones that control blood glucose concentration ?

A

Glucagon and insulin

19
Q

What is the blood glucose concentration ?

A

The amount of sugar in the blood stream

20
Q

What’s important about the management of glucagon and insulin ?

A

You need a fine balance

21
Q

How does the glucose get in the bloodstream ?

A

Food is broken down in the intestine and then the glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream

22
Q

How is a rise in glucose levels detected ?

A

The pancreas which then releases insulin into the bloodstream

23
Q

In what cells do the insulin bind to ?

A

Muscle and liver

24
Q

What do the muscle and liver cells do with the insulin ?

A

They form glycogen

25
Q

How does the body fix the high levels of glucose in the blood ?

A

The glucose binds to cells in the blood stream and these cells turn it into long term storage (glycogen)

26
Q

What’s the difference between glucagon and glycogen ?

A

Glucagon is hormone

Glycogen is large molecule of glucose

27
Q

What does glucagon do that insulin doesn’t ?

A

The opposite it increases blood glucose

28
Q

What happens with type 1 diabetes ?

A

The pancreas does not produce enough insulin

29
Q

What happens with type 2 diabetes ?

A

The body cells stop responding to insulin produced by the pancreas

30
Q

What’s a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes ?

A

Obesity

31
Q

How many chromosomes does a human cell have ?

A

23 pairs, so 46 chromosomes

32
Q

How do cells divide ?

A

Mitosis

33
Q

What is mitosis ?

A

The splitting of cells in reproduction

34
Q

What happens in mitosis ?

A

One cell is copied into two identical cells

35
Q

What cells are not paired and are individual ?

A

Gametes

36
Q

Two examples of gametes ?

A

Egg cell and sperm cell in humans

37
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have ?

A

23 single chromosomes because they are not paired

38
Q

Define homeostasis ?

A

A state of balance across the body’s internal and external conditions so the body can survive and function correctly

39
Q

What does insulin do ?

A

Controls glucose levels

40
Q

What hormone converts glycogen to glucose ?

A

Glucagon

41
Q

What is an enzyme ?

A

Catalyst that speeds up reaction

Digests large molecules into smaller molecules

Biology (7 decks)

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