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biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What is an ecosystem ?

A

The interaction between a community of living organisms

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2
Q

Whats the order of the ecosystem top to bottom ?

A

Tertiary consumer
Secondary consumer
Primary consumer
Producer

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3
Q

What is interdependence in a ecosystem ?

A

When all the living things depend on each other to survive

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4
Q

Whats an example of a simple food chain ?

A

Grass —> rabbit —> fox

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5
Q

What would happen in a food chain if a fox as killed ?

A

The rabbit would thrive eventually struggling to find food as they’re would be a lack of food then die

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6
Q

Whats the competition for photosynthesising plants ?

A

Light

Space

Water

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7
Q

What is biotic ?

A

Living

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8
Q

what’s abiotic ?

A

Non-living

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9
Q

What are some abiotic factors ?

A

Light

Temperature

Oxygen

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10
Q

What are some biotic factors ?

A

Food

Predators

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11
Q

What are behavioural adaptations and an example ?

A

Behavioural adaptations of plants are behaviours which give them an advantage

Like Venus fly traps eating flies

Mating techniques for animals

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12
Q

What are Physiological adaptation and an example ?

A

Physiological adaptations of plants are processes which allow them to compete

Like spikes on plants

Animals producing venom

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13
Q

What is an extremophile ?

A

An extremophile is an organism that lives in an extreme environment

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14
Q

What are some examples of where extremophiles lives ?

A

Polar regions

Deep sea

Volcanic areas

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15
Q

What are decomposers ?

A

Decomposers are bacteria and fungi, which break down dead organisms

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16
Q

what’s the method for quadrat test ?

A

Method

  1. choose a starting point on the school field in an area where the grass is often cut
  2. use random numbers to generate a set of coordinates to place your first quadrat
  3. count the number of different plant species within this quadrat (the species richness)
  4. return to your starting position and repeat steps two and three a further 14 times using different random numbers
  5. repeat steps one to four for a part of the school field which the grass is infrequently cut
  6. compare your results by calculating a mean for each location
17
Q

What is the carbon cycle ?

A

The way carbon dioxide is used in the three important processes

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Combustion

18
Q

What is the water cycle ?

A

It is a series of processes of which water is used in

Epavoration

Condensation

Precipitation

19
Q

How does cold temperature affect decomposition ?

A

At colder temperatures decomposing organisms will be less active, thus the rate of decomposition remains low. This is why we keep food in a fridge

20
Q

How does hot temperature affect decomposition ?

A

As the temperature increases, decomposers become more active and the rate increases

21
Q

How does oxygen affect decomposition ?

A

Similar to water, decomposers need oxygen to survive and without it there is little or no decomposition

22
Q

What is biodiversity ?

A

Biodiversity is specifically the number of different species in an area

23
Q

Why does the population increase ?

A

Better healthcare

better food supply

24
Q

What is the problem with water pollution ?

A

In some parts of the world, open sewers can lead into water courses, such as streams and rivers, which can cause serious illness in humans that may drink the contaminated water

25
Q

Whats another example of water pollution by farmers ?

A

eutrophication the surface run off of fertilisers into water reserves that can pollute

26
Q

What do peat bogs release ?

A

Carbon dioxide when destroyed because they hold it

27
Q

What is peat used for ?

A

Burning as its very flammable and farming

28
Q

What is biomass ?

A

The transformation of food from one organism to another

29
Q

What factors affect food security ?

A

the increase in human population

changing diets

The effects of climate change

War

30
Q

What is intensive farming ?

A

The use of fertilisers to enhance yield for more crop production

31
Q

What is selective breeding ?

A

This is selective breeding. It occurs when animals or plants with a desirable characteristic are selected to breed with each other

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