明朝北京城 Flashcards

1
Q

元朝首都為大都,明初攻陷大都,改稱北平,明初以那裏為國都?燕王朱棣稱帝即位後遷都至北平,後改稱為?

A

應天(南京) 北京

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2
Q

明成祖營建北京城作為新首都的地理原因?

A

地理位置優越,坐擁天然屏障,水陸交通便利,戰略及交通上具有優勢

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3
Q

明成祖營建北京城作為新首都的根基原因?

A

燕王朱棣在北平經營20餘年,封地根基所在地,即位後,以北平作為新首都,藉此鞏固和加強自身的政權統治

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4
Q

明成祖營建北京城作為新首都對北疆有何影響?,

A

明成祖實行削藩後,北方邊防空虛,以北京作為新首都,為了防禦北方蒙古族的侵襲,對維持邊境安全及國家統一有積極作用

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5
Q

北京城的結構呈什麼字型?

A

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6
Q

宮城又稱什麼城?是誰人的起居生活和處理國家大事的地方。

A

紫禁城 皇帝

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7
Q

內城和外城是_________生活的地方,多為住宅和商舖等

A

官民

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8
Q

皇城供_________使用,有王府、皇家園林等

A

皇室

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9
Q

紫禁城有別於歷朝皇宮居北的傳統,位處北京城的什麼位置?特色在於?

A

正中 紫禁居中

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10
Q

北京城建於中軸缐上,平衡對稱,_________,彰顯至高無上的皇權

A

佈局工整

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11
Q

明初國勢強盛,採取以攻代守的方針,明成祖曾_________次親征漠北

A

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12
Q

明成祖曾修築北京城,其中一個目的是作為_________的前缐基地

A

伐蒙

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13
Q

明英宗起國勢漸降,如「土木之變」,瓦刺一度直逼京師,英宗復位後馬上下令加強對_________和_________的保護,增建有射擊口的_______來加強防禦

A

城門 城牆 箭樓

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14
Q

明世宗時,蒙古土默特部劫掠北京周圍,史稱「_________ 」,有見及此,明室修建外城,將南方的商業區和居民區納入保護

A

庚戌之變

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