明朝君主集權 Flashcards

1
Q

君主集權有那兩點(第一點)正面影響?

A

1.提高君主權威,有利君主施政

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

君主集權有那三點(第一點)什麼負面影響?

A

1.皇帝一人處理多項事務,行政效率低,日後昏庸之主難以獨力處理天下事,內閣只作顧問,辦事備受掣肘

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

君主集權有那兩點(第二點)正面影響?

A

2.鞏固政治,權力集中在君主手中,沒有大臣犯上作亂之事

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

君主集權有那三點(第二點)什麼負面影響?

A

2.明成祖重用宦官,沒有丞相輔政,君主幼弱,導致宦官專權專政之局

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

君主集權有那三點(第三點)什麼負面影響?

A
  1. 臣民處於惶恐之中,做事畏首畏尾,不利國家發展,亦對政府反感
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

明太祖行君主集權的原因有那三項?

A

明太祖出身寒微,生性多疑,擔心開國功臣威脅帝位

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

明太祖君主集權措施有那六項?

A

1.罷廢丞相 2.殺戮功臣 3.折辱大臣 4.監控臣民 5.設置三司 6.復行封建

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

明成祖行君主集權的原因?

A

燕王朱棣起兵叛亂,得宦官告密而登上帝位,自知得位不正,故行君主集權措施

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

明成祖有那四項君主集權措施?

A

1.繼續削藩 2.嚴治臣民 3.設立內閣 4.重用宦官

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

廢相:明太祖以________案為由廢除丞相,六部直接向皇帝負責,全國權力集中於皇帝一人手中

A

胡惟庸

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

殺戮功臣:明太祖擔心功臣威脅皇權,殺戮功臣五萬人,著名的有________及________案,株連數萬人

A

胡惟庸 藍玉

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

折辱大臣:明太祖規定百官見君主時需「 ________ 」、朝堂上觸怒君主者會被賜「 ________ 」,不少官員被當場打死,或身受重傷,令官場人人自危

A

跪對 廷杖

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

監控臣民:明太祖設立特務組織「________ 」直接聽命於皇帝,偵察臣民,恣意逮捕、審訊及處刑,開創明代特務政治風氣,令君主權威更________

A

錦衣衛 鞏固

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

設置三司:廢行省,改________,三司互不統屬,直屬中央,加強中央對地方的控制

A

立三司

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

復行封建:明太祖封建分封24兒子及1孫兒為藩王,監察地方,拱衛皇室,給予________的權力,亦肩負地方與邊疆安全的重責

A

自置軍隊

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

繼續削藩:明成祖沿用________政策,內徙北方藩王,遷都北京,中央接管北方邊防,禁諸王掌兵,干預地方事務,收藩王軍政權,防止坐大,軍政權收歸中央

A

削藩

17
Q

嚴治臣民:明成祖對不願歸順的惠帝遺臣大加殺戮,如 ________「誅十族」;又任用酷吏,誣陷臣民,令朝野________不安,常以誹謗皇帝或朝政罪名,冤殺數以萬計的人

A

方孝儒 惶恐

18
Q

設立內閣:明成祖挑選親信任________大學士,協助皇帝處理政務,聽從皇帝指示辦事,無________權,有利君主獨裁統治

A

內閣 決策

19
Q

重用宦官:明成祖派宦官出使、監軍及鎮守地方,更設置特務機構「________」,由宦官掌管。東廠與錦衣衛合稱「________」,共同監控臣民,加強君主獨裁統治

A

東廠 廠衛