esters, fats and oils 2.1

Question 1

how are esters formed

Answer 1

in condensation reactions between alcohols and carboxylic acids

Question 2

what are esters used for

Answer 2

flavourings and fragrances

Question 3

are esters polar or non polar

Answer 3

they are non polar solvents used when a substance isn’t soluble in water

Question 4

ester link

Answer 4

• C - O -
  ||
  O

Question 5

how do you break up an ester

Answer 5

hydrolysis

Question 6

hydrolysis

Answer 6

a molecule reacts with water to breakdown into smaller molecules

Question 7

what are edible fats and oils classed as

Answer 7

naturally occurring esters

Question 8

how are edible fats and oils formed

Answer 8

the condensation reaction of glycerol and three carboxylic acids

Question 9

edible fats and oils uses

Answer 9

great source of energy and are essential for the transport and storage of fat soluble vitamins

Question 10

fatty acids

Answer 10

long chain of carboxylic acids used to make fats and oils

Question 11

oils

Answer 11

• contain C=C bonds
• are more unsaturated than fats
• they can’t pack close together so have weaker LDFs

Question 12

what happens to the melting point when there’s more unsaturation

Answer 12

lowers

Question 13

what does bromine do to unsaturated compounds

Answer 13

quickly decolourises, the more unsaturation the more bromine can be decolourised

Question 14

do oils or fats decolourise bromine quicker

Answer 14

oils

Question 15

how can oils be hardened

Answer 15

by hydrogenation of the unsaturated C=C bonds, this makes the molecules more saturated and increases the melting point