E.3 tourism and sport on the international scale.

Question 1

what are some examples of infrastructure that was build for the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 1

Westfield shopping centre.
the bullet train.
the olympic stadium (hold capacity of 80000)
the olympic park

Question 2

can you list of the main benefits of the UK hold the 2012 Olympics?

Answer 2

legacy.- inspires children to participate In sport and gives uk good international reputation.

property value- increases due to new translations being built. b&bs can put up their prices.

tranport invprovments- bullet train will be left after tourists leave.

employment- Westfield, security, builders.

use of brownfield sights- regernation of ruff areas in city, might move out crime and re-generate the land and naberhood.

Question 3

can you list the cons of the UK holding the 2012 olympics?

Answer 3

involuntary tax increase- people can’t afford and have to move out of London.

rent goes up.

social hosing relocation.

business disruption.

impermeable land of new infastucutre leads to more flooding.

co2 immisons.

Question 4

what is niche tourism?

Answer 4

Niche tourism refers to the specialized and unique forms of tourism that cater to specific interests, hobbies, or lifestyles of travelers.

These are tourism activities that are outside of the mainstream or mass tourism experiences.

Question 5

what are the types niche tourism you need to be aware of?

Answer 5

adventure tourism, movie location tourism and heritage tourism.

Question 6

what do these niche tourism strategies have in common?

Answer 6

they have a global sphere of influence even if they cater to a small amount of people.

Question 7

what is adventure tourism?

Answer 7

This is a type of niche tourism whereby the tourists travel to remote areas or physically challenging environments that are sometimes dangerous to the tourists. This may include:

Travels to Mt Everest, Nepal. Embarking on a trip to this summit cost about $50,000.
Visit to Antarctica
Sahara Tour

Question 8

what is the main benefit about adventure tourism?

Answer 8

adventure tourism also protects the natural environment in a sustainable way because most of the tourists are well educated and, according to the world tourism organization, over half of the adventure tourists are women. (however think about the carbon footprint of getting to these locations)

Question 9

what is movie tourism?

Answer 9

This is a form of tourism that takes place in areas where popular movies have been shot;

Question 10

what is heritage tourism?

Answer 10

It refers to travel to experience a places artefacts, historic sites or indigenous people. It is sometimes referred to as historical tourism.

Question 11

what are some advantages of niche tourism?

Answer 11

It is environmentally friendly, as it causes less pollution due to the limited number of people involved
It benefits the local population
Tourists are able to maximize the benefits of their tourist experience

Question 12

what are some disadvantages of niche tourism?

Answer 12

It can be dangerous because it sometimes involves extreme and risky activities
It can be expensive
They are more like to be exposed to various attacks by criminals

Question 13

what is a TNC?

Answer 13

A TNC is a company that has branches in many parts of the world but has its headquarters in a developed country.

Question 14

why do TNCs promote international tourist destinations? and give examples of countries.

Answer 14

because In many developing countries, where TNCs are found, tourism is used as a national strategy to promote development.

Examples of these countries include Kenya, Ghana, Thailand and the Maldives.

Question 15

what are the benefits of TNC investments?

Answer 15

Offer employment opportunities e.g as tour guides, drivers etc

Increase in government revenue through the payment of company taxes

Increase in foreign direct investment

It helps to boost the country’s foreign exchange reserve, thus helping to stabilize the country’s currency against international currencies.

TNCs help to advertise a country’s tourist potential.

TNCs help to develop the skills of the local people through skills training

Question 16

what are the negatives of a TNC investment? (there are 4)

Answer 16

Land prices become expensive due to the high demand for prime lands by TNCs.

The activities of TNCs may lead to environmental pollution – Noise pollution, visual pollution, water pollution

They usually remmit their profits.

The local people sometimes work under very poor working conditions.

Question 17

what are the two ways TNCs often invest in tourism?

Answer 17

dircet tourist resources, TNCs may invest in tourist attractions such as Disneyland in the USA, Canada, and France.

indircet tourist resources, TNCs may invest in airlines (eg Emirates, Easy jet, Virgin Atlantic, Monarch, etc) or invest in the food industry (such as McDonald’s, KFC,) or hotel industry (such as Hilton, Sheraton, Holiday Inn).

Question 18

what are the five stakeholders that TNC investment effects?

Answer 18

tourists.
residents.
employees.
government
competitors.

Question 19

what are the pros and cons for the stakeholder tourists?

Answer 19

TNCs can invest in infrastructure to attract tourists and to make the experience more enjoyable.

TNC companies sometimes are not buildit for a sustanible relationship with locals and the area, this might be off-putting to tourist’s conshence.

Question 20

what are the pros and cons for the stakeholder residents?

Answer 20

Greater variety of goods and services at their disposal
There is an increase in the number of jobs available.
TNCs compete with local companies and may put them out of business or cause them to improve their products or services

Question 21

what are the pros and cons for the stakeholder employees?

Answer 21

More job opportunities.
TNCs provide other perks like subsidized healthcare, holidays and pensions etc. In LICs, TNCs may provide training services for employees.

The working conditions may not be favourable
Local employees do not usually get high-paying jobs.
The use of technology may render some employees redundant

Question 22

what are the pros and cons for the stakeholder government?

Answer 22

The government gets more revenue from taxes.
It would reduce the cost of unemployment benefits given by the government to its citizens.

TNCs take the profit back to their home country. (repatriation) Large TNCs can control the government in LICs

Question 23

what are the pros and cons for the stakeholder competitors?

Answer 23

TNCs may advertise the industry for the goods or services they provide which leads to an increase in the demand for such goods or services, even if it be by competitors.

TNCs may take competitors out of business.

Question 24

what does SIDs stand for and why is it relevant?

Answer 24

small island developing states , they alongside devlopeming courts often use tourism as a method of development.

Question 25

can you give examples of SIDs?

Answer 25

vietnam and cyprus

Question 26

what are the economic benefits of using tourism as a national development strategy? (there are 4)

Answer 26

Increases the GDP of a country directly and indirectly through the ‘multiplier’ effect. Multiplier effect: this means that the revenue obtained from the tourism industry could benefit other industries which could yield further income in other industries.

Taxes (especially TNC taxes) increase government revenue. Government obtains tax from the tourists which can be used to invest in other projects in the country such as schools.

Increase the foreign exchange earnings of a country. This can help to stabilize the country’s currency.

Creates employment for the local people.

Question 27

what are the economic negatives of using tourism as a national development strategy?

Answer 27

Requires government expenditure on tourism: The government would have to spend a lot of money providing good roads etc. this may divert government attention from needy areas of the economy. Such as education and health.

Profits may go overseas – In the form of ‘leakage’. Leakage: when the profit is taken outside the country.

Spread effect is limited and may therefore cause regional inequalities. It may only bring about regional development and not national development.

Inflates prices for land, housing, food and clothing.

Question 28

what are the social benefits of using tourism as a national development strategy?

Answer 28

May enhance the role and status of women in society. How foreigners behave with their wives would usually influence how people in, for instance, LICs would treat their wives.
Encourages female education.
Saves the indigenous culture of the people due to tourist interest in them.
Increases international understanding of diverse cultures.
Culture exchanges stimulate broadening horizons.

Question 29

what are the social negatives of using tourism as a national development stratagy?

Answer 29

Social pathology, including an increase in prostitution, drug use and petty crime.

Mass tourism may lead to resentment from the host population

Westernization of culture may lead to the depletion of the cultural heritage of the local people.

Question 30

what are some political factors that need to be taken into consideration when deciding if a county should host an international sporting event? (there are three)

Answer 30

The level of peace and stability in the country: If the country is politically stable, it is more likely to host international sporting events. Chances of terrorism might also be reduced.

Political isolation can affect a country’s opportunity of hosting an international sporting event. Countries like Cuba, North Korea and Iran may have a lesser chance of hosting an international sporting event because they have been isolated by the western countries and their allies due to some political factors.

The membership of a country to international organizations: Member to the Commonwealth of Nations, Fifa etc is necessary for a country to be considered as a host nation for international sporting events associated with these bodies.

Question 31

what are some economic factors that need to be taken into consideration when deciding if a county should host an international sporting event?

Answer 31

The level of economic development in the country can affect its hosting of international sporting events. This is because hosting an international sporting event involves a lot of expenditure on infrastructural facilities. Thus poor countries hardly host international games.

The number of cities in the country. A country must have a certain minimum amount of cities to be able to host games. This is because the matches must be played in various cities. If the country has a limited number of cities then they would combine two countries. For instance, when Ghana and Nigeria combined to host AFCON. Many cities are also needed because many people are needed to come and watch the games.

Question 32

what are some cultural factors that need to be taken into consideration when deciding if a county should host a international sporting event?

Answer 32

Whether the country has a history of actively participating in that sporting event and succeeding in it. If the country doesn’t like that sport, they would not host it. For instance, Ghana would never host a cricket game.
The level of interest of the people in the sporting event. If the people like watching it or participating in it then the people would vote for it to host it.

Question 33

what is your case study for movie tourism and where was the movie filmed?

Answer 33

Lord of the rings, filmed in new Zealand.

Question 34

what are some tourist things that have come out of the Lord of the rings films in new Zealand?

Answer 34

The Hobbiton Movie Set, which was used to film scenes in Hobbiton, is now a permanent tourist attraction that includes a guided tour of the movie set, hobbit holes, and other locations featured in the films.

In 2018, it was estimated that the Lord of the Rings movie tourism industry contributed approximately NZD 141 million (USD 96 million) to the New Zealand economy.

the industry supported around 1,700 jobs in New Zealand.