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science 10-1 pib > Climate > Flashcards

Climate Flashcards

1
Q

Weather

A

Local conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation, and humidity that occur at a place at a particular time

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2
Q

Climate

A

Average weather conditions that occur in a region over a long period of time

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3
Q

Open System

A

Both energy and matter are exchanged between the system and the surroundings

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4
Q

Closed System

A

Energy is exchanged between the system and the surroundings, but matter is not

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5
Q

Isolated System

A

Neither energy nor matter are exchanged between the system and the surroundings

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6
Q

What type of system is the Earth

A

Earth is a closes system because energy flows through it, but matter must be recycled

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7
Q

Biosphere

A

A thin layer of air, land, and water on or near the Earth’s surface that supports life

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8
Q

Biosphere - Atmosphere

A

Air composed of a mixture of different gasses

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9
Q

Biosphere - Lithosphere

A

Land that extends about 100km below teh surface

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10
Q

Biosphere - Hydrosphere

A

All of the water on earth
- Surface and groundwater
- Clouds
- Cryosphere (Frozen Water)

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11
Q

Solar Energy

A

Form of radiant energy. All energy on earth comes from the sun as solar energy

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12
Q

Angle of inclination

A

The angle the Earth tilts from perpendicular to its orbit (~23.5°)

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13
Q

Solstice

A

Two points in Earth’s orbit when the poles are the most tilted toward or away from the sun
- December 21- Shortest Day
- June 21 - Longest Day

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14
Q

Equinox

A

Two points in the Earth’s orbit when the number of daylight hours is equal to number of hours of night
- March 21
- September 22

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15
Q

______ ____ causes season variation in temperature and daylight hours at different latitudes

A

Earth’s tilt
- Summer in Canada - North Pole tilted toward the Sun (March to September)
- Winter in Canada - North Pole tilted away from the Sun (September to March)

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16
Q

Angle of Incidence

A

The angle between the incoming solar radiation and the line perpendicular to the Earth’s surface

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17
Q

Climate Zones

A

A result of Earth’s curved shape which causes a variation in the intensity of light at different latitudes

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18
Q

Climate Zones - Tropical (0° - 23.5°)

A

Nearly perpendicular angle of incidence throughout the year, warm temperatures year-round

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19
Q

Climate Zones - Temperate (23.5° - 60°)

A

Small angle of incidence that depends on the season, moderate temperatures that are quite variable between seasons

20
Q

Climate Zones - Temperate (60° - 90°)

A

High angle of incidence that depends on the season, cold temperatures year around

21
Q

Low angle of incidence means that incoming solar radiation is focused on a smaller surface area, causing more heating

A

Lower latitudes (equator)

22
Q

High angle of incidence means that incoming solar radiation is spread over a larger surface area, causing less heating

A

Higher latitudes (poles)

23
Q

Radiant energy that reaches the Earth’s atmosphere can _________ __ ________ by all 3 components of the biosphere

A

Reflected or absorbed

24
Q

Reflected

A

The radiant energy changes direction
- ~30% of incoming radiant energy is reflected by the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere

25
Q

Absorbed

A

The radiant energy is converted to another form of energy, such as kinetic energy, which increases the temperature of the substance
- ~70% of incoming radiant energy is absorbed by the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere

26
Q

Albedo Effect

A

The albedo of a surface is the percent of solar radiation that it reflects
- Light colored (eg. snow) - High albedo
- Dark colored (eg.soil) - Low albedo

27
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Some solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth’s surface is re-emitted into the atmosphere as infrared radiation (heat), which can be trapped by greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere
- Nautral process that is important for life on Earth
- Causes heating of the Earth
- H2O (g) is a natural greenhouse gas

28
Q

Net Radiation Budget

A

The difference between the amount of incoming radiation (solar) and of outgoing radiation (infrared)

29
Q

Infrared Radiation

A

Re-emmited radiant energy absorbed by the biosphere

30
Q

Thermal Energy Transfer

A

Movement of thermal energy from an area of high temperature to an area of low temperature

31
Q

Thermal Energy Transfer - Radiation

A

Emission of energy as particles or waves

32
Q

Thermal Energy Transfer - Conduction

A

Transfer of heat through direct contact

33
Q

Thermal Energy Transfer - Convection

A

Transfer of heat through movement of high energy particles, in the form of a current, from one location to another

34
Q

Convection Currents

A

Created by warm air rising at the equator and then is replaced by dense cool air flowing down from the poles

35
Q

Thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere occurs through __________ ________

A

Convection currents

36
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

The deflection of convection currents in the atmosphere by the spinning of the Earth
- Causes moving air to turn right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere

37
Q

Jet Streams

A

Currents of extremely fast-moving air in the stratosphere formed by convection currents
- Form at the boundaries between cold and warm air
- Flow from west to east

38
Q

Ocean Currents

A

Cool water from the poles travels down toward the equator and warm water from the equator travels upward toward the poles
- Currents travel clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere
- Ocean currents have a large effect on weather and climate, especially in costal areas

39
Q

Thermal energy transfer in the hydrosphere occurs through _____ ________

A

Ocean currents

40
Q

Geographic Features - Moisture

A

Moisture in the air can increase precipitation (air/snow) and fog

41
Q

Geographic Features - Water

A

Water can absorb large amounts of thermal energy before it changes temperature (high specific heat capacity)
- Causes lower ranges in temperature in cities near large bodies of water
- Causes breezes

42
Q

Geographic Features - Orographic precipitation

A

Moisture that is released from air that is pushed up the side of moutanins by wind
- The area on the other side of the mountain receives little rain and is said to be in a rain shadow
- The warm, dry, fast-moving air on the other side of the mountain is called a chinook

43
Q

Sea Breeze

A

Blow cool air toward the land during the day
- During the day, the land heats up faster than the sea
- Warm air rising from the land is replaced by cool air coming off of the water

44
Q

Land Breeze

A

Blow cool air out to sea at night
- At night, the water stays warm as the land cools down
- Warm air rising from the water is replaced by cool air coming off of the land

45
Q

Biomes - Tundra

A
  • Extremely cold climate
  • Low biotic diversity
  • Low precipitation
  • Frozen Desert
  • Permafrost – Leads to small plant roots
46
Q
A

science 10-1 pib (5 decks)

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