Opthalmology

Question 1

Orbital cellulitis management

Answer 1

IV cefotaxime or IV clindamycin

Question 2

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Answer 2

Increasing age
Family history
Afro-carribean ethnicity
HTN
Diabetes mellitus
Myopia
Corticosteroids

Question 3

Fundoscopy findings glaucoma

Answer 3

Optic disc cupping and pallor
Bayonetting of vessels

Question 4

Retinitis pigmentosa features

Answer 4

Night blindness
Tunnel vission

Question 5

Causes of tunnel vission

Answer 5

Papilloedema
Glaucoma
Retinitis pigmentosa
Choroidoretinitis
Optic atrophy secondary to tabes dorsalis
Hysteria

Question 6

Initial management of acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 6

IV acetazolomide
eye drops - direct parasympathomimetic (pilocarpine), beta blocker (timolol), alpha-2 agonist (apraclonidine)

Question 7

Definitive management in acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 7

Laser peripheral irridotomy

Question 8

Retinal detachment risk factors

Answer 8

Dibetes mellitus
myopia
age
previous surgery for cataracts
eye trauma

Question 9

herpes zoster opthalmicus management

Answer 9

Oral antiviral treatment for 7-10 days
Topical corticosteroids if any secondary inflammation
Urgent opthalmology review

Question 10

Optic neuritis causes

Answer 10

Multiple sclerosis
Diabetes
Syphilis

Question 11

Optic neuritis features

Answer 11

Unliateral decrease in visual acuity over hours or days
Poor discrimination of colours
Pain worse on eye movements
RAPD
Central scotoma

Question 12

Optic neuritis management

Answer 12

High dose steroids
Recovery usually takes 4-6 weeks

Question 13

Cataracts risk factors

Answer 13

Smoking
Increased alcohol consumption
Trauma
Diabetes mellitus
long-term corticosteroid use
radiation exposure
myotonic dystrophy
metabolic disorders - hypocalcaemia

Question 14

Scleritis risk factors

Answer 14

RA
SLE
Sarcoidosis
Granulomatosis with polyangitis

Question 15

Scleritis freatures

Answer 15

Red eye
Classically painful
watering
photophobia
gradual decrease in vision

Question 16

Causes of mydiasis

Answer 16

Third nerve palsy
Holmes-adie pupil
truamatic iridoplegia
phaeochromocytoma
Congenital

Question 17

Central retinal vein occlusion risk factors

Answer 17

Increasing age
HTN
Cardiovascular disease
glaucoma
polycythemia

Question 18

Central retinal vein occlusion fundoscopy

Answer 18

Flame haemorrhages

Question 19

Horners syndrome

Answer 19

Ptosis
Miosis
Enopthalmous
Anhydrosis

Question 20

Vitreous haemorrhage presentation

Answer 20

Painless vision loss or haze
red hue to vision
Floaters/shadows/dark spots in vision

Question 21

Central retinal vein occlusion presentation

Answer 21

Sudden painless reduction or loss in vision

Question 22

keratitis features

Answer 22

Red eye - painful and erythema
Photophobia
Foreign body/gritty sensation
Hypopyon may be seen

Question 23

Acute angle closure glaucoma features

Answer 23

Severe pain: ocular or headache
Decreased visual acuity
Symptoms worsen with mydriasis
Hard, red eye
Haloes around lights
Semi-dilated non-reacting pupil
Corneal oedema
Systemic upset e.g. vomiting, abdominal pain

Question 24

Herpes zoster opthalmicus complications

Answer 24

Ocular - conjunctivitis, keratitis, episcleritis, anterior uveitis
Ptosis
Post herpatic neuralgia