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oncology > Cytotoxic Agents > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

name alkylating agents

A
  • cyclophosphamide
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2
Q

what is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide?

A
  • alkylating agent
  • causes cross-linking in DNA
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3
Q

what are the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide?

A
  • haemorrhagic cystitis
  • myelosuppression
  • transitional cell carcinoma
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4
Q

name cytotoxic antibiotics

A
  • bleomycin
  • anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin)
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5
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bleomycin?

A

degrades preformed DNA

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6
Q

what is the adverse effect of bleomycin?

A
  • lung fibrosis
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7
Q

what is the mechanism of action of anthracyclines?

e.g. doxorubicin

A

stabilises DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

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8
Q

what is the adverse effect of anthracyclines?

e.g. doxorubicin

A

cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

name antimetabolites

A
  • methotrexate
  • fluorouracil (5-FU)
  • 6-mercaptopurine
  • cytarabine
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10
Q

what is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects of methotrexate?

A
  • myelosuppression
  • mucositis
  • liver fibrosis
  • lung fibrosis
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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of fluorouracil?

A

pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase

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13
Q

what are the adverse effects of fluorouracil?

A
  • myelosuppresion
  • mucositis
  • dermatitis
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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

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15
Q

what is the adverse effect of 6-mercaptopurine?

A

myelosuppression

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16
Q

what is the mechanism of action of cytarabine?

A
  • pyrimidine antagonist
  • interferes with DNA synthesis and inhibits DNA polymerase
17
Q

what are the adverse effects of cytarabine?

A
  • myelosuppression
  • ataxia
18
Q

name drugs which act on microtubules

A
  • vincristine, vinblastine
  • docetaxel
19
Q

what is the mechanism of action of vincristine and vinbalstine?

A

inhibits formation of microtubules

20
Q

what are the adverse effects of vincristine?

A
  • peripheral neuropathy (reversible)
  • paralytic ileus
21
Q

what is the adverse effect of vinblastine?

A

myelosuppression

22
Q

what is the mechanism of action of docetaxel?

A

prevents microtubule depolymerisation and disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

23
Q

what is the adverse effect of docetaxel?

A

neutropenia

24
Q

name topoisomerase inhibitors

A
  • irinotecan
25
Q

what is the mechanism of action of irinotecan?

A

inhibtis topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

26
Q

what is the adverse effect of irinotecan?

A

myelosuppression

27
Q

what is the mechanism of action of cisplatin?

A

causes cross-linking in DNA

28
Q

what are the adverse effects of cisplatin?

A
  • ototoxicity
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • hypomagnesaemia
29
Q

what is the mechanism of action of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)?

A

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

30
Q

what is the adverse effect of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)?

A

myelosuppression

31
Q

what is the adverse effect of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)?

A

myelosuppression

oncology (14 decks)

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