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Renal > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main role of the JGA?

A

Renin secretion

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2
Q

Site of antidiuretic hormone (Vasopression) action and how does it work?

A

Baslolateral membrane of collecting ducts Pre-formed cytoplasmic vesicles (aquaporin-2 channels) inserted into membrane allowing water reabsorption

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3
Q

How is Na+ transported in; proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting tubule?

A

Proximal tubule: Na+/H+ exchange and Na+/glucose cotransport

Loop of Henle: Na+/K+/2Cl carrier protein

Distal tubule: Na+/Cl- cotransport

Collecting duct: Na+ channel

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4
Q

Major functions of PCT

A

Reabsorbs 60-65% filtered NaCl & H2O Reabsorbs 90% of HCO3 Reabsorbs: glucose, AA, K+, PO4, Mg, Urea, uric acid Major site of ammonia production Secretes organic acids + cations

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5
Q

Major functions of loop of Henle?

A

Reabsorbs 25-35% NaCl Active regulation of Mg excretion

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6
Q

Major functions of collecting ducts?

A

Reabsorbs water (presence of ADH) Concentrates urine Secretes K+ (aldosterone) Scretes H+/NH3

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7
Q
A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Efferent arteriole
  3. Glomerulus
  4. Proximal tubule
  5. Cortical collecting duct
  6. Distal tubule
  7. Loop of Henle
  8. Collecting duct
  9. Peritubular capillaries
  10. Arcuate vein
  11. Arcuate artery
  12. Afferent arteriole
  13. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
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8
Q

Name the 3 layers of the glomerular capillary membrane?

A
  1. Endothelium of the capillary
  2. basement membrane
  3. Podocytes surrounding the outer surface of the capillary basement membrane
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9
Q

What is the principal site and main action of aldosterone?

A

Aldosterone receptor sites: Principal cells in the collection duct

Action: Stimulates sodium + H2O reabsorption and potassium secretion

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10
Q

Site of action of Angiotensin II and effects?

A

Site of action: PCT, Ascending loop of Henle, collecting tubule

Action: increases NaCl + H2O reabsorption, inc H+ secretion, stimulates vasopressin and aldosterone secretion, causes peripheral vasoconstriction

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11
Q

Site of action and effects of Atrial Natiuretic Peptide?

A

Site of action: Distal tubule and collecting duct

Action: Decreases NaCl reabsorption

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12
Q

Site of action of PTH and effects?

A

Site of action: PCT, ascending loop of Henle and DCT

Effects: Decreases PO4 absorption and increases Ca++ absorption

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13
Q

Describe the 3 steps in the renin angiogensin system

A
  1. Renin converts angiotensin to angiotenin I (Renin released by JGA in kidney in repsonse to decreased renal perfusion)
  2. Angiotenin I converted to Angiotenin II by ACE in lungs
  3. Angiotensin II exerts peripheral effects
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14
Q

What percentage of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed?

A

~99%

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15
Q

What 2 conditions stimulate renin release from the JGA?

A

Decreased osmolality of tubular fluid in DCT

Reduced renal perfusion

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16
Q

Where is aldosterone screted?

A

zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

17
Q

What stimulates Atrial Naturetic peptide release and where is it released from?

A

Cells of the cardiac atria release ANP in response to distended plasma volume

(inhibits reabsorption of Na and H2O by the DCT and collecting duct)

18
Q

What is the transport maximum?

A

Reabsorption of some substances is an active process. For these substances there is a limit at which they can be reabsorbed, (traffic jam), at which point this substance is excreted in urine. Point is referred to as the transport maximum (eg. glucose).

19
Q

What is the renal threshold?

A

Concentration in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it in the urine.

20
Q

What is the primary site of Calcium reabsorption in the kidney?

A

DCT

21
Q

Name the two cellular types in the cortical collecting tubules

A

Principal cells (90%) and intercalated cells (10%)

22
Q

What is the function of the principal cells of the cortical collecting tubule?

A

Reabsorb Na and secrete K

23
Q

Function of the Na-K ATPase pump in tubules?

A

Maintaining cellular homeostasis and setting up electrical or concentration gradiants

24
Q

Orientation of apical cells?

A

At tubular lumen

25
Q

Orientation of basolateral cells?

A

Towards interstitium and capillaries

26
Q

Nephrogenesis is complete by?

A

36wks (nephron number proceeds at same rate if born premature)

Renal (10 decks)

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