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Renal > Acid Base Balance + electrolytes > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance + electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

Single free proton released from a hydrogen atom

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2
Q

Acids

A

Molecules which can release hydrogen ions in solution

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3
Q

Base

A

ion or molecule which can accept hydrogen ions

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

refers to excessive H+ removal from body fluids

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5
Q

Acidosis

A

excess addition of H+ ions to body fluids

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6
Q

Name the 3 primary sites which regulate H in body fluids

A
  1. Chemical acid-base buffering systems
  2. Respiratory center (regulates CO2 removal)
  3. Kidneys (excrete acidic or alkalotic urine)
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7
Q

Buffer

A

Any substance which can reversibly bind H+

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8
Q

Bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in what percentages and where in the kidney?

A

PCT 85%
DCT 10%
Collecting duct ~4.9%

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9
Q

What is the anion gap in serum?

A

Difference between serum Na and (Cl + Bicarb)

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10
Q

What does an anion gap represent?

A

anions which are not usually measured in clinical practice (sulfate, organic acids, negatively charged albumin, phosphate)

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11
Q

What is a normal anion gap?

A

less than 15mEq/L

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12
Q

Causes of an elevated anion gap acidosis?

A 
MUDPILES
M: Methanol
U: uremia (renal failure)
D: DKA, diarrhoea of infancy
P: Paraldehyde
I: Iron, inborn errors of metabolism
L: Lactic acidosis
E: ethanol
S: salicylates
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13
Q

What is the emergency management of hyponatraemia?

A

Hypertonic Saline (3% saline)

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14
Q

By how much do you need to increase serum sodium to halt hyponatraemic seizures?

A

Inc by 5 to 10mEq/L will usu halt hypoNa Sz

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15
Q

If you correct hyperNa too quickly, what is the patient at risk of?

A

Cerebral oedema

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16
Q

If you correct hypoNa too quickly, what is the patient at risk of?

A

Central pontine demyelination

17
Q

What treatment will nephrogenic diabetes respond to (that central DI will not)?

A

Desmopressin

Renal (10 decks)

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