DNA & RNA (chpt. 15)

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

Placing organisms into similar groups

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

The study of classification

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

A species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding naturally to produce fertile offspring

Question 4

Variation

Answer 4

Members of a species show different characteristics

Question 5

Heredity

Answer 5

Is the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 6

Gene expression

Answer 6

The way in which genetic information in a gene is decoded in the cell and used to make a protein

Question 7

Chromosomes

Answer 7

Thread like structures made up of DNA and protein, found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 8

What are chromosomes made up of

Answer 8

DNA + protein

The DNA is wrapped around proteins which are called histones

Question 9

What are genes made up of

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

Exons

Answer 10

Coding structures of genes

Question 11

Junk DNA

Answer 11

Non coding lengths of DNA

Question 12

Introns

Answer 12

Non coding lengths of DNA

Question 13

What does DNA stand for

Answer 13

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 14

4 nitrogenous bases

Answer 14

Guanine G
Cytosine C
Adenine A
Thymine T

Question 15

What does guanine pair with

Answer 15

Cytosine

Question 16

What does cytosine pair with

Answer 16

Guanine

Question 17

What does adenine pair with

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

What does thymine pair with

Answer 18

Adenine

Question 19

What makes up a nucleotide

Answer 19

Phosphate group
Sugar group (deoxyribose sugar)
One of four nitrogenous bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine)

Question 20

Genetic code

Answer 20

A sequence of bases in DNA that provide instructions for a cell to form a protein

Question 21

Codon / triplet

Answer 21

DNA codes for each amino acid by a sequence of 3 consecutive bases

Question 22

Pyrimidine bases

Answer 22

Thymine
Cytosine

Question 23

Purine bases

Answer 23

Adenine
Guanine

Question 24

Who discovered the structure of DNA

Answer 24

Watson & crick

Question 25

What did Watson and crick discover

Answer 25

The structure of DNA

Question 26

Protein synthesis - initiation

Answer 26

The DNA double helix unwinds at the site of the gene that is going to produce a protein
Enzymes break the bonds between the bases
Takes place in nucleus

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

Ribonucleic acid

Question 28

DNA vs RNA

Answer 28

Double helix Vs Single strand
Deoxyribose sugar Vs Ribose sugar
Thymine base Vs Uracil base
Nucleus Vs Nucleus and cytoplasm
Long Vs Short
Self replicating Vs Replicated from DNA

Question 29

How is RNA different from DNA

Answer 29

Base uracil instead of thymine
Ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
Has a single strand not a double strand

Question 30

What is DNA profiling

Answer 30

The unique pattern of a persons DNA

Question 31

Steps in DNA profiling

Answer 31

1. Cell wall/membrane is broken down to release DNA
2. DNA is cut into fragments by restriction enzymes
3. DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis
4. Unique DNA profiles are compared

Question 32

Uses of DNA profiling

Answer 32

Medical
Forensics

Question 33

Genetic screening

Answer 33

Testing DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or an altered gene

Question 34

Steps in transcription

Answer 34

DNA -> RNA
In nucleus
1. RNA bases move across the cytoplasm
2. The exposed DNA bases match with RNA bases to form mRNA
3. The enzyme RNA polymerase connects the bases together to form mRNA

Question 35

How many of each codons do genes have

Answer 35

One start
Many specifying amino acids
One stop

Question 36

Ribosome

Answer 36

A special decoding device made of small and large subunits, ensuring that amino acids are assembled in the correct sequence according to the mRNA

Question 37

Types of RNA

Answer 37

mRNA - messenger RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA