Human Breathing (chpt. 30) Flashcards
Why is breathing through the nose beneficial
- air is filtered / cleaned by hairs & mucus
- air is moistened
- nasal passages warm the air
Respiration
The release of energy from food using oxygen
(Catabolic)
Process of inhaling
- intercostal muscles contract (ribs up and out)
- diaphragm contracts (moves down)
- volume of thorax increases and lungs expand
- pressure in cavity decreases
- needs energy (ATP)
Process of exhaling
- intercostal muscles relax (ribs move down and in)
- diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
- volume of thorax decreases and the lungs return to normal
- pressure in cavity increases
- passive process (no energy)
(Active during exercise)
What does the medulla oblongata do?
Controls breathing by sending impulses
What controls breathing?
The medulla oblongata in the brain
BREATHING DISORDER - Name / Symptoms / Causes / Prevention / Treatment
Asthma
- wheezing
- allergens (pollen, dust, exercise)
- avoid allergens and triggers
- inhaler (bronchodilator)
Where does gaseous exchange take place
Alveoli
What is gaseous exchange
The diffusion of gases in and out of the bloodstream
Explain process of gaseous exchange
- occurs by diffusion in the alveoli
- the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
- alveoli are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries
Adaptations of the alveoli
- walls are one cell thick
- moist walls
- very numerous - large surface area
HOMEOSTASIS in breathing
Carbon dioxide levels in blood are detected and an increase in CO2 = an increase in breathing
Role of nose in the respiratory system
Cilia and nose mucus filter and warm aid
Role of trachea in the respiratory system
Lined with cilia and mucus
Role of rings of cartilage in the respiratory system
Along trachea - keep it open
DIAGRAM of the respiratory system
DIAGRAM of alveolus (showing blood supply)
