anantomy

Question 1

what number cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 1

5th cranial nerve

• one of the largest and most complex

Question 2

why is it called trigeminal

Answer 2

as it has 3 major branches

• ophthalmic
• maxillary
• mandibular

Question 3

main functions of trigeminal nerve

Answer 3

• provide sensation to face, nasal cavity + oral cavity
• provide motor support for muscles of mastication

Question 4

where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from? pathway?

Answer 4

• emerges from the pons and passes forward
• into a tunnel in the dura
• the tunnel leads into a side cavity = trigeminal cave
• trigeminal cave is usu covered by overlying dura

Question 5

where are the sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 5

• all the sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve synapse in trigeminal ganglion

Question 6

where are the opening for the three branches?

Answer 6

superior orbital fissure = ophthalmic

foramen rotundum = maxillary

foramen ovale = mandibular

Question 7

what are V2 and V3?

Answer 7

V2 = maxillary

V3 = mandibular

Question 8

where does the maxillary nerve emerge from?

Answer 8

• deep in the pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 9

where does the mandibular nerve emerge from?

Answer 9

• behind the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 10

what is this

Answer 10

• masseter muscle

Question 11

Answer 11

• deep temporal fascia

Question 12

Answer 12

zygomatic arch

Question 13

Answer 13

temporalis muscle

Question 14

Answer 14

ramus + coronoid process of mandible

Question 15

Answer 15

• lateral pterygoid together with the condyle of the mandible

Question 16

what does V2 supply

Answer 16

branches of maxillary nerves supply

• upper teeth
• nasal cavity and cavity
• upper part of cheek
• most of them run through tunnel in the bone, because of this they’re small

Answer 17

• upper teeth supplied by superior alveolar nerve (posterior + anterior which together form a loop within the maxilla
• from this liip, dental and gingival branches arise that supply upper teeth + gums)
• maxillary also give palatine and nasopalatine branches
• these supply palate and parts of nasal cavity
• maxillary also gives off zygomatic branch
• these divide into zygomaticotemporal and facial nerves

Question 18

V3

Answer 18

• mandibular nerve branches
• has both motor and sensory branches
• motor go to muscles of mastication = masseter, temporalis, pterygoid muscles
• small branches supply tensor tympani and tensor palati
• other branches are almost entirely sensory
• buccal nerve (inside and outside sensation)
• auriculotemporal nerve - supplies side of forehead
• 2 major branches run downwards on medial pterygoid muscle
• inferior alveolar nerve
• lingual nerve is just infront
• inferior alveolar nerve follows medial pterygoid muscle down towards the mandible
• inferior alveolar enters mandible through mandibular foramen
• as enters foramen nerve lies just behind mone projection = lingula
• just before inferior alveolar bone eners tunnel in the mandibular canal, forms mylohyoid branch
• mylohyoid runs in inner mandible groover
• supplies mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric
• inferior alveolar nerve travels along mandibular canal and branches off again which supply lower teeth and gums
• large branch, the mental nerve, emerges through mental foramen
• mental nerve supplies chin + lower lip
• lingual nerve passes close to mandible in oral cavity
• early on lingual nerve is joint by chorda tympani nerve = special branch of facial nerve
• lingual nerve supplies sensation and taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue
• taste fibres that in lingual nerve are carried by chorda tympani