C2. P4

Question 1

What are the 3 structures that are universally agreed to be in the limbic system?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

Question 2

What are the 4 functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 2

Regulating basic motives, the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system, and physical reward

Question 3

Does the hypothalamus help regulate body temperature?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

How does the hypothalamus regulate the reward system?

Answer 4

The hypothalamus creates a burst of chemical rewards in response to rewarding stimuli

Question 5

What are three functions of the amygdala?

Answer 5

Evaluate threats, regulate emotions, and encode emotional tones for memories

Question 6

What does the amygdala analyze?

Answer 6

It analyzes incoming information to determine if it is a threat or reward

Question 7

What is “the low road”?

Answer 7

Sensory information is received by the thalamus and sent to the amygdala. The amygdala responds before the cortex can process information

Question 8

What is the chain of events that happens once the amygdala detects a threat?

Answer 8

It will send signals to the hypothalamus which will pass them on to the brainstem region regulating the sympathetic nervous system. The fight flight freeze response starts and may cause the pituitary gland to release adrenaline and cortisol

Question 9

Is the amygdala involved in negative emotions or positive emotions?

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

How does the amygdala help form memories?

Answer 10

With the hippocampus, it mixes our emotional experiences with memories that are high in arousal.

Question 11

What does the Hippocampus do?

Answer 11

Form new memories

Question 12

True or False: The hippocampus stores memories.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

How does the hippocampus transfer the new memories?

Answer 13

The hippocampus with transfer memories into the cerebrum and cerebral cortex while asleep

Question 14

Does the hippocampus form implicit memories?

Answer 14

The hippocampus forms explicate memories, and has little control over implicit and nonverbal muscle memories

Question 15

Who is HM?

Answer 15

Henry Molaison

Question 16

What happened to Henry Molaison?

Answer 16

Part of his temporal lobe (hippocampus) was removed surgically to stop epileptic seizures, resulting in him unable to form new memories

Question 17

How did Henry Molaison learn?

Answer 17

His cerebellum, which is involved in non-verbal muscle memory, could implicitly solve puzzles, even when he wasn’t aware of remembering them

Question 18

What is the Cingulate Gyrus?

Answer 18

The fold that covers the corpus callosum

Question 19

What does the front portion of the cingulate gyrus do?

Answer 19

Regulates internal emotional processes (helps us determine what we should and should not do, based on how we are likely to feel). Has many connections with language and talking

Question 20

What does the rear cingulate gyrus do?

Answer 20

Locates and remembers where things are in space. It is connected to the brainstem for movement and the lobes for sensation