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Psyc Unit 1 > C1. P4 > Flashcards

C1. P4 Flashcards

1
Q

How are nerves formed?

A

The axons of neurons bundle together

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2
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

Take information from the extremities of the body towards the spinal cord and brain

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3
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

Carry information away from the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

“All nerves are not the SAME” what is the s and a?

A

Sensory and afferent

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5
Q

“All nerves are not the SAME” what is the m and e?

A

Motor and efferent

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6
Q

Where are cranial nerves?

A

Directly connected to the brain or brainstem

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7
Q

What do cranial nerves do and how many are there?

A

They carry information for things that happen at the neck and above. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves

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8
Q

Where are the spinal nerves?

A

They originate from the neurons in the spinal cord

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9
Q

What do spinal nerves do and how many are there?

A

They carry sensory information form the parts of the body below the neck to the spinal cord. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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10
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It is the central processor and located in the central part of the body

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11
Q

What is the CNS responsible for?

A

Incoming information, integrating it with prior information, anticipating future events and consequences, formulating responses, and making decisions

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12
Q

How many neurons are in the spinal cord?

A

100 billion

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13
Q

What protects the spinal cord?

A

The vertebral column

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14
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

A

Sensory and motor nerves

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15
Q

What is the primary job of the PNS?

A

To help the CNS monitor and regulate the internal environment and perceive and respond to the external environment

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16
Q

How does the PNS work?

A

It relays information from sensory organs to the CNS as well as carry motor information from the CNS to muscles along organs

17
Q

What are the two branches of the PNS?

A

Sensory-somatic NS and autonomic NS

18
Q

What does the SSNS do?

A

Monitors the external environment by communicating with organs

19
Q

How does sensory information get to the brain?

A

Afferent cranial nerves bring information from the sensory system on the head and upper neck

20
Q

How does information below the neck get to the brain?

A

Afferent spinal nerves send sensory information to the brain while the brain sends efferent spinal nerves to move muscles

21
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

An involuntary movement that is initiated without instructions from the brain

22
Q

Can neurons activate muscles before we perceive the signal?

A

Yes, they can take the short path

23
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Carries information to and from a wide range of internal structures to regulate internal organs

24
Q

What are the three primary jobs of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Carries messages that regulate the body’s arousal level, carries signals that organize stress response, and alters physiology in accordance with emotions and motivational states

25
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

26
Q

What effect do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system have on each other?

A

Antagonistic effect

27
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

Increases activity and boosts arousal, it is like a gas pedal

28
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

Acts like brakes, slows down arousal

29
Q

How do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system work together?

A

They change the body so we can respond to stress and alter bodily functions to regulate ourselves when we are not stressed

30
Q

What happens when activity in the parasympathetic nervous system is increased?

A

Reduces arousal and activates several of the body’s upkeep processes

31
Q

What is the rest and digest response?

A

Control of basic bodily functions while one is resting

32
Q

What system initiates the fight flight freeze response?

A

Central nervous system

33
Q

How is the sympathetic nervous system activated?

A

Threats, shame, bad news, physical damage

34
Q

What is a result of activity in the sympathetic system?

A

High arousal of emotions

Psyc Unit 1 (11 decks)

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