#54. Trauma the eyeball and its adnexa - general data. Classification. Injuries to the eye and its adnexa. Principles of treatment.

Question 1

What is included in the PATIENT HISTORY for TRAUMA TO ADNEXA?

Answer 1

• DETERMINING CAUSE of Injury
• Examiner asks if Patient has TETANUS IMMUNISATION

BASED on OCCUPATION:
a. Hammer = Indicated INTRAOCULAR Foreign Body

b. Cutting / Grinding Work = Indicated Intraocular CORNEAL Foreign Body

c. Welding / Flame Cutting Work = Indicated INTRAOCULAR Foreign Body

Question 2

What is OBSERVED UPON INSPECTION for TRAUMA TO ADNEXA?

Answer 2

• Pain
• Photophobia
• Blepharospasm
• Using FOCUSED LIGHT with a MAGNIFYING LOUPE
  a. Cornea
  b. Conjunctiva
• EVERT Eyelids to INSPECT
  a. Tarsal Surface
  b. Conjunctival Fornix

Question 3

What is the DIAGNOSIS for TRAUMA TO ADNEXA?

Answer 3

OPHTHAMLMOSCOPY :
- ALLOW Gross Evaluation of DEEPER Structures

• SEE if there’s Vitreous / Retinal HAEMORRHAGE

** DIFFERENTIATE BTW Open / Closed Globe INJURIES - IF Open, then it has HIGHER RISK of losing an eye!

Question 4

What is the CLASSIFICATION of TRAUMA TO ADNEXA?

Answer 4

1) MECHANICAL Injuries
2) CHEMICAL Injuries
3) PHYSICAL AGENTS
4) INDIRECT Ocular Trauma

Question 5

What are Examples of MECHANICAL Injuries?

Answer 5

• Eyelid injuries.
• Injuries to the lacrimal system.
• Conjunctival laceration.
• Foreign body in the cornea and conjunctiva.
• Corneal erosion.
• Non-penetrating injury (blunt trauma to the globe)
• Injury to the floor of the orbit (blowout fracture)
• Penetrating injury (open-globe injury).
• Impalement injury to the orbit.

Question 6

What are Examples of Injuries, due to PHYSICAL AGENTS?

Answer 6

• Burns
• Radiation Injuries (Ionisation)
• UV Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 7

What is an Example of INDIRECT OCULAR Trauma?

Answer 7

transient traumatic retinal angiopathy (Purt- scher’s retinopathy)

Question 8

What is the TREATMENT for TRAUMA TO ADNEXA?

Answer 8

TOPICAL AESTHETIC - Few drops!