Chapter 1

Question 1

What method of gene therapy is used for treating disease by stimulating the immune system?

Answer 1

immunotherapy

Question 2

The study of heredity and how traits (i.e. eye color) and disease are passed from generation to generation.

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

The fundamental unit of heredity and the basic structural and functional unit of genetics

Question 4

Name of the primary carrier of genetic information made of nucleotides in a double helix

Answer 4

DNA including nucleotides of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine

Question 5

Which monk scientist is responsible for the scientific foundation of genetics using pea plants?

Answer 5

Gregor Mendel. He used pea plants to prove that traits are not blended, instead genes remain intact from generation to generation

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE
Gene mechanisms are the same for all organisms?

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

What is transmission genetics?

Answer 7

The science of gene transmission from parent to offspring

Question 8

What do pedigree analysis show?

Answer 8

Diagram that represents the inheritance of a trait through several family generations.

Question 9

Which branch of science studies chromosome number and structure (organization and arrangement of genes) under a microscope?

Answer 9

Cytogenetics

Question 10

Term to define the standardized arrangements of chromosomes that are used to diagnose or rule out certain genetic disorders

Answer 10

Karyotype

Question 11

The study of genetic events at the biochemical level. Uses recombination DNA technology to identify, isolate, and produce millions of copies of genes (clones) to be studied in the lab.

Answer 11

Molecular genetics

Question 12

What is gene therapy?

Answer 12

Uses molecular genetics to perform a procedure where normal genes are transplanted into humans carrying defective copies to treat genetic diseases.

Question 13

What are transgenic organisms?

Answer 13

genetically modified organisms cloned in a lab

Question 14

The unique DNA set carried by an individual

Answer 14

Genome

Question 15

The study of organization, function and evolution of genomes

Answer 15

Genomics

Question 16

What are Eugenics?

Answer 16

Created by Galton, Darwin’s cousin, selective breeding of humans. Popular and influential from 1905-1933.

Question 17

What laws in the early twentieth century were passed in the US pertaining to Eugenics?

Answer 17

Immigration Restriction Act of 1924 singed by President Coolidge. Most immigrants were deemed inferior except those from Western European countries.
Other examples were the Chinese Exclusion Acts of 1882 and 1902 and Japanese restrictions in 1907. Lawmakers saw no need to restrict entry from Africa.

Question 18

What year were restrictive immigration laws pertaining to eugenics abolished?

Answer 18

1965 by Immigration and Nationality Act sponsored by Representative Emmanuel Cellar of NY.

Question 19

The mistaken idea that human traits are determined solely by genetic inheritance, ignores the contribution of the environment.

Answer 19

Heredetariansim

Question 20

Decline of eugenics in the US started with the rise of the Nazi movement. Nazi passed the Law for the Protection Against Genetically Defective Offspring which

Answer 20

expanded to killing people who were described as socially defective and justification of genocide.

Question 21

Aside from immigration restrictions, what is another right that was restricted when eugenics was popular?

Answer 21

Eugenics restricted reproductive rights.
Men in the 1920s decided that those “unfit” to reproduce should be sterilized or institutionalized to “prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind”. Sterilization laws were passed in over 33 states for certain individuals who were diagnosed as “feeble-minded (alcoholic, promiscuous, criminal)”. More than 60,000 people were sterilized before the practice ended in 1979.

Question 22

What year did the Human Genome Project (HGP) become a federal program?

Answer 22

1990

Question 23

What year did the Human Genome Project (HGP) finish human genome sequence and gene coding?

Answer 23

2003

Question 24

Name for single nucleotide differences between and among individuals in a population or species

Answer 24

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Question 25

What are Haplotypes?

Answer 25

genetic markers derived from SNPs used to identify links common complex traits and disorders

Question 26

Analysis of genetic variation across an entire genome searching for linkages between variations in DNA sequence and a genome region encoding a specific phenotype. Helps to unravel the number and identity of genes associated to disease.

Answer 26

Genome wide association study (GWAS)

Question 27

Which cells act as a reservoir of cells that provides replacements for lost cells?

Answer 27

Stem cell research has generated a new field called regenerative medicine.

Question 28

What are the risks of eating processed foods?

Answer 28

80% of all processed foods are made with transgenic or GMO produce. Risks: herbicide resistance and genetically modified traits may be transferred to other organisms hurting the ecosystem. Animals are being cloned.

Question 29

What is the sector of the economy producing genetically modified goods, food, medicine, etc?

Answer 29

Biotechnology

Question 30

What is the sector of the economy producing genetically modified goods, food, medicine, etc?

Answer 30

Biotechnology