Chapter 1: What is Psychology?

Question 1

Define Psychology.

Answer 1

The Science that studies behavior and mental processes.

Question 2

A set of hypothesized statements about the relationships among events is called what?

Answer 2

A theory

Question 3

Pure Research

Answer 3

Research conducted without concern for immediate applications.

Question 4

Applied Research

Answer 4

Research conducted in an effort to find solutions to particular problems.

Question 5

What is the deliberate looking into one’s own cognitive processes to examine one’s thoughts and emotions called?

Answer 5

Introspection

Question 6

What School of Psychology argues that the mind consists of three basic elements that combine to form experience?

Answer 6

Structuralism

Question 7

What are the three basic elements noted in Structuralism?

Answer 7

sensations, feelings, and images

Question 8

What School of Psychology emphasizes the use or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience?

Answer 8

Functionalism

Question 9

Who was the founder of Structuralism?

Answer 9

German Psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Question 10

Who was the founder of functionalism?

Answer 10

William James (1842-1910)

Question 11

What is Behaviorism?

Answer 11

The school of Psychology that defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies the relationships between stimuli and responses.

Question 12

Who founded American Behaviorism?

Answer 12

John Broadus Watson (1878-1958)

Question 13

A stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response is called what?

Answer 13

Reinforcement

Question 14

What is Gestalt Psychology?

Answer 14

The school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.

Question 15

What is Gestalt Psychology?

Answer 15

The school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.

Question 16

Who founded Gestalt Psychology?

Answer 16

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), Kurt Koffka (1886-1941), and Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1941)

Question 17

What school of Psychology emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior?

Answer 17

Psychoanalysis

Question 18

Who is Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)?

Answer 18

The founder of Psychoanalysis who believed much of our lives are governed by unconscious ideas and impulses that are formed in childhood.

Question 19

What is the biological perspective in Psychology?

Answer 19

an approach to psychology that seeks to understand the nature of the links between biological processes and structures such as the functioning of the brain, the endocrine system, and heredity on the one hand, and behavior and mental processes on the other.

Question 20

The cognitive perspective deals with what?

Answer 20

deals with the mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving.

Question 21

What is Social Cognitive Theory?

Answer 21

The School of Psychology in the behaviorist tradition that includes cognitive factors in the explanation and prediction of behavior; formerly termed “social learning theory”.