Ch. 21 Medical Emergencies

Question 1

What is the indicated action and use for Atropine?

Answer 1

•Increases heart rate
•Bradycardia

Question 2

What is the indicated action and use for Diazapam?

Answer 2

•Affects chemicals in brain
•Seizures, agitation

Question 3

What is the intended action and use for Diphenhydramine?

Answer 3

•Antihistamine that reduces the effects of histamine.
•Allergic reactions, 2nd line drug for Anaphylaxis

Question 4

What is the indicated action and use for Epinephrine?

Answer 4

•Increases the stimulation of the heart muscle, Vasoconstrictor and bronchial relaxant
•Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, severe asthma, bronchospasm

Question 5

What is the indicated action and use for Glucagon?

Answer 5

•Hormone that stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.
•Hypoglycemia

Question 6

What is the indicated action and use for Naloxone?

Answer 6

•Blocks or reverses opioid med effects
•Opioid overdose

Question 7

What is the MA’s role w/ emergency calls and walk in patients?

Answer 7

Follow facility screening protocols. Cannot assess or give advice. Info collected must be reported to provider. Provider tells MA what should be done.

Question 8

What are possible screening questions for hypothermia?

Answer 8

Person’s age? How long was exposure? What symptoms? What color is exposed skin? Medical history?

Question 9

First aid procedures for heat exhaustion include what?

Answer 9

Move to a shady or air conditioned area and rest. Drink cool sports drinks. Do not drink caffeinated or alcoholic drinks. Take cool shower or sponge bath.

Question 10

Signs/symptoms of heat exhaustion are?

Answer 10

Heavy sweating, muscle cramps, cool, moist skin, fast, weak pulse, fast, shallow respirations, tired, weak, pale, dizzy, headache, fainting, nausea, vomiting.

Question 11

This burn causes damage to the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 11

3rd degree burns

Question 12

What are appropriate questions for a burn?

Answer 12

What happened? Where was person burned? What caused the burn? What symptoms does person have? What does the skin look like? If the face or chest is affected, is the person having difficulty breathing?

Question 13

These can cause burns to the body.

Answer 13

Heat, freezing, cold temperatures, chemicals, sunlight, radiation, and electricity.

Question 14

What type of burn can cause swelling, tenderness, and physical sensitivity?

Answer 14

1st degree burn

Question 15

What are signs of poisoning?

Answer 15

Bluish lips, cough, difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, chest pain, confusion, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, irritability, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, numbness, tingling, seizures.

Question 16

Procedure for patient in the office who is having anaphylaxis?

Answer 16

Notify provider immediately. Provider will order epinephrine to be given IM and oxygen to be administered.

Question 17

Where should epinephrine be administered for quick action?

Answer 17

Into the vastus lateralis.

Question 18

Spider bite appropriate questions?

Answer 18

Do you know what spider bit you? Any allergies? How do wound look? Describe wound to me. Are you having any problems breathing? Any wheezing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing? Is there any swelling of the mouth or lips?

Question 19

What types of disease are transmitted by tick bites?

Answer 19

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Powassan virus, Babesia Infection, Lyme Disease, ehrlichiosis.

Question 20

These animals typically carry rabies.

Answer 20

Raccoons, skunks, bats, woodchucks/groundhogs, foxes, coyotes, cats, dogs, and cattle.

Question 21

What is appropriate care for a foreign body in the eye?

Answer 21

Eye irrigation, wash hands and flush w/ clean warm water or saline. If it can’t be removed w/ irrigation, seek immediate medical attention. Don’t rub.

Question 22

Why does insulin shock occur?

Answer 22

Imbalance between insulin and blood glucose. Too little glucose is in the blood bc the individual: took to much insulin, ate too few carbs, engaged in too much physical activity, drank alcohol.

Question 23

What is first aid procedure for DKA?

Answer 23

Call 911, monitor airway and pulse, perform rescue breathing and CPR if needed, patient will need IV fluids, insulin, and monitoring to bring down the blood glucose level.

Question 24

Vertigo and dizziness first aid measures include what?

Answer 24

Sitting or lying down, gradually resuming activity when the episode passes, avoid sudden positional changes and bright lights, drink more fluids.

Question 25

Impaired awareness seizures impact what?

Answer 25

One part of the brain and cause confusion.

Question 26

First aid for a seizing patient include what?

Answer 26

Move patient to the floor and put in recovery position, gently raise chin to tilt head back slightly to open airway, monitor breathing and pulse, rescue breathing and CPR if needed, protect from harm, do not place anything in mouth, remove glasses and loosen tight clothing, time length of seizure, call 911 if over 5 minutes, stay with person until alert.

Question 27

What causes ischemic strokes?

Answer 27

When arterial blood flow to part of the brain is blocked.

Question 28

CVA symptoms include what?

Answer 28

Confusion, or mental changes, severe sudden headache, speech problems, numbness of the face, arm or leg, usually on one side of the body, problems seeing in one or both eyes, facial drooping, trouble walking, lack of coordination or balance, or arm weakness.

Question 29

This is typically ordered during a MI?

Answer 29

One aspirin chewed and nitroglycerin administered sublingually, call to 911, vital signs, pulse oximetry, ecg, oxygen to be administered while waiting for the ambulance.

Question 30

A child’s airway should be opened like this for CPR.

Answer 30

Tilt head slightly past the neutral position.

Question 31

How should nitroglycerin be taken?

Answer 31

Oral spray, a sublingual powder or sublingual tablets.

Question 32

During CPR who receives 30 compressions to 2 breaths?

Answer 32

Everyone if there is one rescuer. Only adults if you have two rescuers.

Question 33

Hyperventilation signs/symptoms include what?

Answer 33

Dry mouth, belching, bloating, lightheadedness, weakness, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, short of breath, breathlessness, chest pain, heart palpitations, muscle spasms, numbness and tingling in arms or around mouth.

Question 34

Standard of care

Answer 34

The level of care an ordinary, prudent healthcare professional with the same training and experience in a similar practice would have provided under a similar situation.

Question 35

Defibrillator

Answer 35

A device that delivers an electrical shock to the heart in an attempt to restore a normal heartbeat.

Question 36

Neurogenic shock

Answer 36

Due to central nervous system injury (spinal cord injury) leads to vasodilation (not enough blood flow can return to the heart) and low BP.

Question 37

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 37

Due to heavy bleeding or dehydration, blood volume is too low to provide nutrients and oxygen to the organs.

Question 38

F.A.S.T.

Answer 38

Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to call 911

The American Stroke Association promotes FAST to spot stroke signs and encourages calling 911.