Chapter 1- Introduction to Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Children and Adolescents Flashcards
Research studies in abnormal child psychology seek to: 4
- Define normal and abnormal behavior for children of different ages, sexes, and ethnic and cultural backgrounds
- Identify the cases and correlates of abnormal behavior
- Make predictions about long-term outcomes
- Develop and evaluate methods for treatment and/or prevention
What is the first step towards understanding the nature of children’s problems?
How you choose to describe the problems that children show, and what harm or impairments such problems may lead to
How do children usually enter the mental health system?
Due to concerns raised by adults - parents, teachers etc- children themselves have little choice in the matter
How are children and adolescent problems usually identified?
failure to show expected developmental progress
the problems that children face may be ___ like most types of bedwetting, or it may be ______
transitory
an initial indication of more severe problems ahead
What is the intention of interventions?
promote further development rather than merely to restore a previous level of functioning
Ancient Greek/Roman View
Early writings suggest that children were considered servants of the state in the city-states of early Greece
The disabled were a burden - scorned, abandoned, or put to death
Before the 18th Century
Children were subjected to harsh treatment and largely ignored
By end of 18th century
Interest in abnormal child behavior surfaced
The Church used its strong influence to attribute children’s unusual or disturbing behaviors to their inherently uncivilized and provocative nature
possession by the devil and similar forces of evil
children kept in cages and cellars
John Locke (17th century) believed…
children should be raised with thought and care, not indifference and harsh treatment
During the 17th century, because of John Locke…
philosophy of humane care and institutions of social protection began to take root
Jean-Marc Itard (19th century)
One of the first documented efforts to work with a special child was undertaken (Victor, discovered in woods)
Focused on the care, treatment, and training of “mental defectives”
Leta Hollingworth argued that many ___ children were actually suffering from _____ due to _____
mentally defective
emotional and behavioral problems
inept treatment by adults and lack of appropriate intellectual challenge
___ distinguished individuals with mental retardation (“imbeciles”) from those with psychiatric disorders (“lunatics”)
Leta Hollingworth
____ claimed that children were incapable of ___
Benjamin Rush
adult-like insanity
What were the 2 important influences that caused concern for the welfare of children with mental and behavioral disturbances
- Advances in general medicine
- Growing influence of the philosophies of Locke and others, led to the view that children needed moral guidance and support
What were the 2 important influences that caused concern for the welfare of children with mental and behavioral disturbances
- Advances in general medicine
- Growing influence of the philosophies of Locke and others, led to the view that children needed moral guidance and support
Dorothea Dix (1802–1887)
mid-nineteenth century established ____ for the treatment of troubled youths previously relegated to cellars and cages
32 humane mental hospitals
In the late 19th century mental illnesses were viewed as
biological problems
Whose efforts led to detection and intervention and believed that mental disorders were a form of disease
Clifford Beers
In the early 20th century, society reverted to the belief that
disorders could not be influenced by treatment or learning and there was a return of punishment of behaviors
Mental disorders viewed as ____ and led to
diseases
fear of contamination
what was implemented due to this fear
Eugenics (sterilization) and segregation (institutionalization)
Who was a part of Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud was the first to
give meaning to the concept of mental disorder by linking it to childhood experiences
Sigmund Freud purported that mental disorders can be
helped with proper environment or therapy
What are nosologies
the efforts to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories
When was there a rise in Behaviorism
Early 1900’s
Behaviorism laid the foundation for
evidence-based treatments
What is a key study in Behaviorism
Pavlov’s research on classical conditioning
little albert
What is a key study in Behaviorism
Watson’s studies on the elimination of children’s fears and the theory of emotions
evolving forms of treatment
which approach was most popular during 1930-50
psychodynamic
during 1930-50 most children with intellectual or mental disorders were _____
institutionalized
During the late 1940’s ___ studied ___
Spitz
harmful impact of institutional life
