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Abnormal Child Psychology > Chapter 4- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

what does that decision-making process begin with

A

clinical assessment

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2
Q

what is clinical assessment

A

systematic problem-solving strategies to understand children with disturbances and their family and school environments

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3
Q

Flexible, ongoing hypothesis testing assesses:

A

A child’s emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning; the role of environmental factors; nature, causes, and likely outcomes of the problem

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4
Q

what do Idiographic case formulation assessments focus on

A

obtaining detailed understanding of the child or family as a unique entity

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5
Q

what does the Nomothetic formulation emphasize

A

general inferences that apply to large groups of individuals

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6
Q

who are at the greatest risk of misdiagnosis

A

Ethnic minority youth

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7
Q

Cultural information is necessary to: -5

A

Establish relationship with child and family
Motivate family members to change
Obtain valid information
Arrive at accurate diagnosis
Develop meaningful treatment recommendations

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8
Q

what are culture-bound syndromes

A

Recurrent patterns of maladaptive behaviors and/or troubling experiences associated with different cultures or localities

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9
Q

more commonly reported problems among males

A

ADHD
ASD
childhood conduct disorder
Intellectual disability
Language disorder
Specific learning disorder
Enuresis

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10
Q

more commonly reported problems among females

A

anxiety disorders
eating disorders
sexual abuse
adolescent depression

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11
Q

equally reported problems among males and females

A

adolescent conduct disorder
childhood depression
feeding disorder
physical abuse and neglect

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12
Q

Basic information about child development norms is crucial in

A

understanding why a child may be referred to professionals

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13
Q

__ and __ typically define childhood disorders

A

Age inappropriateness and symptoms

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14
Q

____ in the child’s functioning is a key consideration

A

Impairment

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15
Q

what is the first step to description and diagnosis of assessment

A

clinical description summarizes the child’s unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that together make up the features of the child’s psychological disorder

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16
Q

a diagnosis involves analyzing ___

A

information and drawing conclusions about the nature or cause of the problem

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17
Q

what is a prognosis

A

the formulation of predictions about future behavior under specified conditions

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18
Q

what is important for a clinical assessment to work

A

methods need to be reliable, valid, cost-effective, and useful for treatment

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19
Q

a clinical assessment reveals ____

A

the child’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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20
Q

a comprehensive assessment evaluates ___

A

a child’s strengths and weaknesses across many domains

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21
Q

clinical interviews provide

A

a large amount of information during a brief period and include a family history

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22
Q

a behavioral assessment evaluates the

A

child’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in specific settings

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23
Q

what are the “ABCs of assessment

A

observe the:

Antecedents
Behaviors
Consequences of the behaviors

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24
Q

example of the ABC of assessment

A

A: teased at school
B: refused to go to school
C: no teasing

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25
Q

Behavioral Assessments allow for a childs

A

behavior to be compared with a known reference group

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26
Q

Parents or other observers record ______ to provide information about behaviors in real-life settings

A

baseline data

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27
Q

clinician may set up ____ to observe children and their families

A

role-play simulation

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28
Q

psychological tests are ___ and the purpose is to

A

tasks given under standard conditions

assess some aspect of the child’s knowledge, skill, or personality

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29
Q

A child’s scores are compared with

A

a norm group

30
Q

what is the code of fair testing practices

A

Guidelines which increase clinicians’ sensitivity to cultural factors

31
Q

developmental tasks are used in ____

A

Screening, diagnosing, and evaluating infants and young children and identify those at risk

32
Q

intelligence testing evaluates a child’s ___

A

intellectual and educational functioning

33
Q

what is one of most frequently used intelligence scales

A

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)

34
Q

3 other commonly administered tests

A

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-R)
Stanford-Binet-5 (SB5)
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC-II)

35
Q

projective testing presents a child with ___

A

ambiguous stimuli and asking the child to describe what he or she sees

The child projects his or her own personality, including unconscious fears, needs, and inner conflicts, on the ambiguous stimuli

36
Q

personality testing what are the central dimensions of personality- the big 5 factors

A

Timid or bold
Agreeable or disagreeable
Dependable or undependable
Tense or relaxed
Reflective or unreflective

37
Q

Neuropsychological Assessment attempts to link

A

brain functioning with objective measures of behavior known to depend on an intact central nervous system

38
Q

what is classification

A

system for representing the major categories or dimensions of child psychopathology

39
Q

2 strategies for determining the best plan for a given individual

A

Ideographic strategies
Nomothetic strategies

40
Q

Ideographic strategies highlight ___

A

a child’s unique situation

41
Q

Nomothetic strategies are employed to

A

Benefit from all the information accumulated on a given problem or disorder
Determine the general category to which the problem belongs

42
Q

Categorical classification systems are based primarily on

A

informed professional consensus

43
Q

A “classical/pure” categorical approach: every diagnosis has a ___ and

A

clear underlying cause

each disorder is fundamentally different from other disorders

44
Q

dimensional classification has

A

any independent dimensions that exist

45
Q

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual is

A

A multiaxial system consisting of five axes

46
Q

what are the 5 axes that make up the DSM

A

Clinical disorders or conditions
Personality disorders and intellectual disability
General medical conditions
Psychosocial and environmental problems
Global assessment of functioning

47
Q

3 criticisms to the DSM

A
  1. Fails to capture the complex adaptations, transactions, and setting influences crucial to understanding and treating child psychopathology
  2. Gives less attention to disorders of infancy/childhood
  3. Fails to capture the interrelationships and overlap known to exist among many childhood disorders
48
Q

3 pros to diagnostic labels

A
  1. Help clinicians summarize and order observations
  2. Facilitate communication among professionals
  3. Aid parents by providing recognition and understanding of their child’s problem
49
Q

3 cons to diagnostic labels

A
  1. Disagreement about effectiveness of labels to achieve their purposes
  2. Negative effects and stigmatization
  3. Can negatively influence children’s views of themselves and their behavior
50
Q

interventions today are planned by combining ___

A

the most effective approaches to a particular problem

51
Q

___ is needed to show that interventions work

A

data

52
Q

Development of evidence-based interventions has led to a

A

growing awareness of children’s and families’ cultural contexts

53
Q

the cultural compatibility hypothesis states that

A

Treatment is likely to be more effective when compatible with the cultural patterns of the child and family

54
Q

4 outcomes related to child functioning- treatment goals

A

Reduce or eliminate symptoms
Reduce degree of impairment in functioning
Enhance social competence
Improve academic performance

55
Q

4 outcomes related to family functioning

A

Reduce level of family dysfunction
Improve marital and sibling relationships
Reduce stress
Enhance family support

56
Q

5 outcomes to societal importance

A

Improve child’s participation in school-related activities
Decrease involvement in juvenile justice system
Reduce need for special services
Reduce accidental injuries or substance abuse
Enhance physical and mental health

57
Q

AACAP and APA ethical code provide

A

minimum ethical standards

58
Q

what do the AACAP and APA do

A

Select treatment goals and procedures that are in the best interest of the client
Ensure participation is active and voluntary
Keep records to document treatment effectiveness
Protect confidentiality
Ensure therapist’s qualifications and competencies

59
Q

more than 70% of clinicians use an ____

A

eclectic approach

60
Q

Psychodynamic treatments view child psychopathology as determined by

A

underlying unconscious and conscious conflicts

61
Q

Psychodynamic treatments focus on

A

helping the child develop an awareness of unconscious factors contributing to problems

62
Q

behavioral treatments assume that ___ and focus on ____

A

behaviors are learned

re-educating the child

63
Q

procedures of behavior treatments are- 4

A

Positive reinforcement or time-out
Modeling
Systematic desensitization
Changes in the child’s environment

64
Q

cognitive treatments view abnormal behavior as the result of ___ and focus on

A

deficits and/or distortions in the child’s thinking\

changing faulty cognitions

65
Q

client- centered treatments focus on ____

A

creating a therapeutic setting which provides unconditional acceptance of the child

66
Q

family treatments view ___ and focus on ___

A

individual disorders as manifestations of disturbances in family relations

the family issues underlying children’s problematic behavior

67
Q

biological treatments view child psychopathology as resulting from ___

A

psychobiological impairment or dysfunction

68
Q

there are __ main approaches in developing best practice guidelines

A

two

69
Q

The ____ approach derives guidelines from a review of current research findings

A

scientific

70
Q

The _____ approach uses experts’ opinions to fill gaps in scientific literature

A

expert-consensus

71
Q

fewer that __% of treatments demonstrate evidence for reducing impairment in life functioning

A

20

Abnormal Child Psychology (7 decks)

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