Equine Head Endoscopy Flashcards
What is DDSP
Dorsal displacement of soft palate- soft palate lies above epiglottis
(could be induced by chemical restraint)
Chemical sedation normally used for endoscopy in horse
Alpha-2-agonist (Detomidine!,Xylazine or Romifidine) PLUS
Butorphanole
What physical restraint can be used for equine endoscopy
Nose twitch- may not be necessary but it commonly used
Where to introduce endoscope
Ventromedially into ventral meatus (VM)
What is the ethmoid bone
an unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain
What is lymphoid hyperplasia and is it significant
increase in the number of cells lymphocytes that are contained in lymph nodes
Very common and of usually regarded as of no clinical significance, particularly in younger animals
What is laryngeal hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of the larynx (aretynoid cartilages)
Could laryngeal hemiplasia be caused by sedation
no as it is unilateral
Where is the noise with laryngeal hemiplegia
mainly inspiratory ‘roarer’
Treatment for laryngeal hemiplegia
There are several treatments (including tie back or ventriculo-cordectomy (remove all arotinoid cartilages) etc) but may not be necessary unless it affects performance
Surgery can result in the horses aspirating often
What is a dynamic endoscopy
Endoscope while the horse exercises
What is the noise with DDSP
Expiratory noise- gargling sound
Treatment for DDSP
There are several treatments, usually tie forward is regarded as most effective, though less invasive procedures (etc Cornell collar etc) can also be effective. Other solutions are also described in the literature, with variable success
Quickly corrected by the horse swallowing but might be corrected in performance horses as it slows them down
What us streptococcus equi equi
bacterial guttural pouch infection/ empyema (pus in the GP)
‘strangles’
Very infectious
How to diagnose strangles
perform a GP lavage and submit a sample for testing (bacterial culture and PCR)
