Unit 10

Question 1

Emerging Adulthood

Answer 1

Period between late teens and mid- to late 20s when individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults.

Question 2

Rites of Passage

Answer 2

Rituals marking initiation into adulthood.

Question 3

Role Transitions

Answer 3

Movement into the next stage of development marked by assumption of new responsibilities and duties.

Question 4

Edgework

Answer 4

The desire to live life more on the edge through physically and emotionally threatening situations on the boundary between life and death.

Question 5

Returning Adult Students

Answer 5

College students over age 25.

Question 6

Intimacy versus Isolation

Answer 6

Sixth stage of Erikson’s theory and the major psychosocial task for young adults.

Question 7

Binge Drinking

Answer 7

Type of drinking define for men as consuming five or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming four or more drinks in a row within the past two weeks.

Question 8

Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 8

Drinking pattern that results in significant and recurrent consequences that reflect loss of reliable control over alcohol use.

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

How much energy the body needs.

Question 10

Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)

Answer 10

Chemicals that cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries, impeding blood flow.

Question 11

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)

Answer 11

Chemicals that help keep arteries clear and break down LDLs.

Question 12

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 12

Ratio of body weight and height related to total body fat.

Question 13

Multidimensional

Answer 13

Characteristic of theories of intelligence that identify several types of intellectual abilities.

Question 14

Multidirectionality

Answer 14

Developmental pattern in which some aspects of intelligence improve and other aspects decline during adulthood.

Question 15

Interindividual Variability

Answer 15

Patterns of change that vary from one person to another.

Question 16

Plasticity

Answer 16

Concept that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood.

Question 17

Structure of Intelligence

Answer 17

The organization of interrelated intellectual abilities.

Question 18

Factor

Answer 18

The interrelated abilities measured by two tests if the performance on one test is highly related to the performance on another.

Question 19

Primary Mental Abilities

Answer 19

Groups of related intellectual skills (such as memory or spatial ability).

Question 20

Secondary Mental Abilities

Answer 20

Broader intellectual skills that subsume and organize the primary abilities.

Question 21

Number

Answer 21

The basic skills underlying our mathematical reasoning.

Question 22

Word Fluency

Answer 22

How easily we produce verbal descriptions of things.

Question 23

Verbal Meaning

Answer 23

Our vocabulary ability.

Question 24

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 24

Our ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts.

Question 25

Spatial Orientation

Answer 25

Our ability to reason in the three-dimensional world.

Question 26

Fluid Intelligence (Gf)

Answer 26

Abilities that make you a flexible and adaptive thinker, allow you to make inferences, and enable you to understand the relations among concepts.

Question 27

Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)

Answer 27

The knowledge you have acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture.

Question 28

Visual Organization (Gv)

Answer 28

Reflects the underlying primary abilities: visualization, spatial orientation, speed and flexibility of closure, among others. Reflects visual patterns that are obvious.

Question 29

Auditory Organization (Ga)

Answer 29

Reflects underlying primary abilities such as time tracking, auditory cognition of relations, and speech perception when the speech is degraded or distorted, among others.

Question 30

Short-Term Acquisition and Retrieval

Answer 30

Reflects the ability to be aware of and retain information long enough to do something with it. Reflects aspects of short-term memory.

Question 31

Long-Term Storage and Retrieval

Answer 31

Reflects the ability to store information and retrieve information that was acquired in the distant past.

Question 32

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT)

Answer 32

Theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a disturbed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain.

Question 33

Neural Efficiency Hypothesis

Answer 33

States intelligent people process information more efficiently, showing weaker neural activations in a smaller number of areas than less intelligent people.

Question 34

Postformal Thought

Answer 34

Thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in thinking.

Question 35

Reflective Judgement

Answer 35

Way in which adults reason through real-life dilemmas.

Question 36

Pre-Reflective Reasoning (Stages 1-3)

Answer 36

Belief that “knowledge is gained through the word of an authority figure or through firsthand observation rather than the evaluation of evidence.”

Question 37

Quasi-Reflective Reasoning (Stages 4 & 5)

Answer 37

Recognition “that knowledge (or more accurately, knowledge claims) contains elements of uncertainty, which attribute to missing information or to methods of obtaining evidence.”

Question 38

Reflective Reasoning (Stages 6 & 7)

Answer 38

People who hold these assumptions accept “that knowledge claims cannot be made with certainty, but are not immobilized by it; rather, they make judgments that are ‘most reasonable’ and about which they are ‘relatively certain,’ based on their evaluation of available data.”

Question 39

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Answer 39

The ability to recognize their own and others’ emotions, to correctly identify and appropriately tell the difference between emotions, and use this information to guide their thinking and behavior.

Question 40

Impression Formation

Answer 40

The way we form and revise first impressions about others.

Question 41

Life-Span Construct

Answer 41

Unified sense of the past, present, and future based on personal experience and input from other people.

Question 42

Scenario

Answer 42

Manifestation of the life-span construct through expectations about the future.

Question 43

Social Clock

Answer 43

Tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed.

Question 44

Life Story

Answer 44

An internalized narrative with a beginning, middle, and an anticipated ending.

Question 45

Possible Selves

Answer 45

Representations of what we could become, what we would like to become, and what we are afraid of becoming.

Question 46

Personal Control Beliefs

Answer 46

The degree to which you believe your performance in a situation depends on something you do.

Question 47

Primary Control

Answer 47

Behavior aimed at affecting the individual’s external world.