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A215 Lecture > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

Chemical(atoms and molecules)
Cellular
Tissue( a group of cells that perform a common function)
Organ(multiple tissues that come together to perform a function)

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2
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

Surrounds the cells of a tissue
comprised of water, protein fibers, and dissolved molecules

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3
Q

What is epithelium?

A

Lines body cavities and inside of hollow organs
forms exocrine glands
covers body and organ surafces

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4
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Binds/support/protect other tissues and organs

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5
Q

What is muscle tissue?

A

Moves body or moves organ walls

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6
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A

Control activities, processes info

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7
Q

What is cellularity?

A

Composed almost entirely of cell with minimall extracellular matrix

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8
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

Exposed to outside enviornment

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9
Q

What is the basal surface?

A

Closer to the underlying connective tissue

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10
Q

What is epithelial tissue bound to?

A

a basement membrane

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11
Q

What is avascularity?

A

no blood vessels
gets nutrients via diffusion from other tissues

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12
Q

What is high regenerative capacity?

A

die quickly and replaced quickly

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13
Q

What is simple Eithelium?

A

one layer thick

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14
Q

What is striated epithelium?

A

many layers thick

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15
Q

What are squamous cells?

A

flattened cells

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16
Q

What are cuboidal cells?

A

About as tall as they are wide

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17
Q

What are columnar cells?

A

Taller than wider shaped cells

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18
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium?

A

one layer of flattened cells
function: diffusion and filtration
location: lines alveoli, lumens of blood vessels

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19
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

single layer of cuboidal cells, typically round
Function: secrete and absorption
Location: lines of tubules of kidney, ducts of glands

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20
Q

What is simple Columnar epithelium?

A

Single layer of tall cells
Function: secretion and absorption
location: lines most of GI tract

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21
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

round cells that secrete muscus for lubrication

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22
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Columnar irregularly shaped, some have cilia
Function: protection
Location: lines the upper respiratory tract

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23
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Superficial layers of cells are flattened
Function: protection

24
Q

Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium?

A

most superficial layers are dead cells
within the epidermis

25
Q

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Most superficial cells are alive and kept moist
Locations: oral cavity, portion of pharynx, vagina

26
Q

Transitional epitheium?

A

multiple layers of cells, superficial cels are flattened or rounded
Function: protection, withstand strecthing
Location: urinary tract

27
Q

What is the stomach made up of?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

28
Q

What are unicellular glands?

A

secrete mucus and are one cell
goblet cells

29
Q

What are multicellular glands?

A

Secret materials through a duct
Three types

30
Q

What is a merocrine gland?

A

Most common multicellular exocrine gland
Secretion passes from cell(vesicles)
cell remain intact

31
Q

What are some examples of merocrine glands?

A

Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, most sweat glands

32
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

top of the cell pinched off and becomes the secretion
cell repairs itself and remains functional

33
Q

What is an example of an apocrine gland?

A

Mammary glands

34
Q

What are holocrine glands?

A

Whole cells ruptures and dies and becomes the secretion
old cells replaced

35
Q

What is an example of holocrine gland?

A

Sebaceous glands

36
Q

What is derived from mesenchyme?

A

Connective tissue

37
Q

what is the mesenchyme?

A

embryonic connective tissue

38
Q

Is CT vascular?

A

Yes

39
Q

What does CT consist of?

A

cells, protein fibers, ground substance

40
Q

What are the protein fibers found in CT?

A

elastic, collagen, and reticular fiber

41
Q

What is the ground substances in CT?

A

may be fluid, gel-like, or semi-solid, or solid

42
Q

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar and adipose

43
Q

What is areolar CT?

A

cells: fibroblasts
Function: packing and binding material
Locations: subcutaneous layer

44
Q

What is adipose CT?

A

Cell: adipocytes (nucleus pushed to the periphery)
Function: energy, storage, insulation, protection&support
Location: subcutaneous layer and viseral

45
Q

What are the two types of Dense CT?

A

Dense regular and irregular

46
Q

What is dense irregular CT?

A

Cells: fibroblasts
good vascularity, protein fibers in clumps
Functions: strength & support, withstands stresses in many directions

47
Q

What is dense regular CT?

A

Cells: fibroblasts
Poor vascularity, protein fibers run parallel
Function: strength and support, resists stress in one direction
Location: tendons and ligaments

48
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

Cells within cartilage

49
Q

Are lacunae found in cartilage?

A

yes

50
Q

What is the ground substance of cartilage?

A

Semisolid and avascular

51
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

Surrounds cartilage

52
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Function: support, provides a smooth surface for articulation
Location: found on joint surfaces, trachea, fetal skeleton
very organized structure

53
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Function: support and withstand compression
Location: intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci
Collagen fibers with some lacunae and chondrocytes

54
Q

What is Elastic cartilage?

A

Function: flexibility and strength
Location: external ear
few protein fibers mostly ground substrate

55
Q

What are fluid CT?

A

Blood and lymph

56
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Specialized cell junctions to transmit nerve impluses in cardiac muscle

A215 Lecture (10 decks)

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