Chapter 7

Question 1

Be able to identify the different age groups of children:
Neonate
Infant
Toddler
Preschoolers
School-age children
Adolescents (teenagers)

Answer 1

Neonate: 0 to 1month
Infant: 1 month to 1 year
Toddler: 1 to 3 years
Preschool-age: 3 to 6 years
School-age: 6 to 12 years
Adolescent: 12 to 18 years

Question 2

What are the different reflexes of a newborn/infant? (Moro, palmar, rooting, and sucking reflex)

Answer 2

Moro reflex:
This happens when a neonate is caught off guard by something or someone; the neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things.

Palmar grasp:
This occurs when an object is placed into a neonate’s palm

Rooting reflex:
This takes place when something touches a neonate cheek; the neonate will instinctively turn her or his head towards the touch.

Sucking reflex:
This occurs when a neonate lips or stroked, these reflexes are often evident when feeding.

Question 3

What are the fontanelles of a neonate/infant and when do they close? (anterior and posterior)

Answer 3

The frontanelles are the area of space between the bones and eventually fused to form the skull. The posterior fontanelle normally fuses by the third month of life. The interior fuse is between nine and 18 months of age.

Question 4

What could a sunken fronanelle be evidence of?

Answer 4

The infant is most likely dehydrated

Question 5

What could a bulging out frotanelle be evidence of?

Answer 5

A bulging frontanelle is indicative of increased intracranial pressure.

Question 6

Be able to define the different age groups of adults:
Early Adults
Middle Adults
Older Adults

Answer 6

Early Adults: 19 to 40
Middle Adults: 41 to 60
Older Adults: 61 and older