Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy And Physiology 219 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerve

-sensory: vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Ocularmotor nerve
(IR, SR, MR, IO)

motor:
-eye movement
-eyelid opening
-pupil constriction
-accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear

Motor: eye movement

Superior oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens

Motor: eye movement

Innervates lateral rectus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal

(3 divisions but we only need to know V1: ophthalmic (broken into 3 subsections)

-Frontal: Innervates forehead, upper eyelids, sides of nose
-nasociliary: cornea, iris, ciliary body
-lacrimal: lacrimal gland, skin of upper eyelid, conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CN III superior and inferior innervations

A

Superior:
-levator palpebrae superioris
-superior rectus (SR)

Inferior:
-Medial rectus (MR)
-inferior rectus (IR)
-inferior oblique (IO)
-pupil constriction
-accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CN V innervations

A

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
-frontal (forehead, upper eyelids, sides of nose)
-lacrimal (lacrimal gland, skin of upper eyelid, conjunctiva)
-nasociliary (cornea, iris, ciliary body)
-long ciliary
-short ciliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Bony orbit) location of frontal bone

A

Top of eye socket, rest of the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(Bony orbit) location of maxilla bone

A

Bottom nasal ridge down to top of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(Bony orbit) location of zygomatic bone

A

Lower temporal region and cheekbones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Bony orbit) location of sphenoid bone

A

Right at the back of the eye socket. Can’t miss it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Bony orbit) location of ethmoid bone

A

Entirely within eye socket on the nasal edge, posterior to lacrimal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Bony orbit) location of lacrimal bone

A

Just inside the eye socket, anterior to ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Bony orbit) palatine bone

A

Posterior and inferior to ethmoid bone. It is hiding because it is so little.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Optic foramen

A

Hole for optic nerve to pass through. Located medial to superior fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Located immediately lateral to the optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arterial system

A

Internal carotid artery
-ophthalmic artery
-central retinal artery
-lacrimal artery
-long posterior ciliary arteries
-short posterior ciliary arteries
-muscular branch
-anterior ciliary arteries
-supraorbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Venous system

A

4 to 8 vortex veins drain retina
-inferior vortex vein
-inferior ophthalmic vein
-superior vortex vein
-central retinal vein
-superior ophthalmic vein
-lacrimal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Short posterior ciliary arteries

A

Enter the posterior of the sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Long posterior ciliary arteries

A

Run medially and laterally along the sides of the optic nerve and pass to the anterior aspect of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anterior ciliary arteries

A

Branches off the long posterior artery and supplies anterior portion of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central retinal artery

A

Supplies interior surface of the retina. Branches off of ophthalmic artery. Pierces the optic nerve to enter the retina at the optic disc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vortex veins

A

4-8 veins that drain the retina. Are located superiorly and inferiorly. drain into the superior and inferior veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superior and inferior veins drain into

A

Cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

Two Big-ass chambers that pretty much everything passes through to get to your eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Central retinal vein

A

Accompanies the central retinal artery to drain blood from the retina inside the eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Posterior pole diagram
(Know where these are, I can’t put em here)

A

-Optic nerve
-superior arcade
-inferior arcade
-temporal retina
-nasal retina
-retinal vein
-fovea
-macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

6 Extraocular muscles + CN nerves

A

-superior oblique (CN IV)(trochlear)
-superior rectus (CN III) (oculomotor)
-medial rectus (CN III)
-lateral rectus (CN VI)(abducens)
-inferior oblique (CN III)
-inferior rectus(CN III)

29
Q

Visual pathway of light through the eye

A

-cornea
-anterior chamber
-pupil
-posterior chamber
-lens
-vitreous humour
-macula
-fovea
-optic nerve

30
Q

Layers of the cornea

A

-Epithelium (most anterior)
-Bowman’s layer
-stroma (thickest)
-descemet’s membrane
-endothelium (most posterior)

31
Q

Endothelium

A

Most posterior layer of cornea. Is “leaky”: allows water to pass from aqueous. Pumps fluid out from stroma to anterior chamber

32
Q

2 types of Conjunctiva

A

Bulbar-covers sclera
Palpebral- covers inside of eyelid

33
Q

Sclera

A

-Made of collagen
-visible white part of eye
-goes all the way around eyeball

34
Q

Ciliary body

A

Anterior
-Controls accommodation
-produces aqueous
-anchors zonules

35
Q

Trabecular meshwork and canal of schlemm

A

-Anterior
Filter aqueous fluid

36
Q

Iris

A

Anterior
-Dilation and constriction of pupil

37
Q

Crystalline lens

A

Anterior
-65% water
-3 layers
-nucleus
-cortex
-capsule
-biconvex lens
-plus power for eye
-accommodation

38
Q

Vitreous humour

A

Posterior
-mostly water, some collagen
-cloquet’s canal
-allows light to pass through

39
Q

Choroid

A

Posterior
-Large vessels
-choriocapillaris
-supply retina with oxygen, transport nutrients to and from retina

40
Q

Layers of retina-(starting from vitreous)

A

Internal limiting membrane
Nerve fiber layer
Ganglion cell layer
Inner plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer
Outer nuclear layer
External limiting membrane
Photoreceptor layer
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
Bruch’s membrane

41
Q

Retinal blood supply from

A

-Choriocapillaris
-central artery branches

42
Q

Function of retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) (posterior layer)

A

-melanin absorbs stray light
-transport of metabolites
-barrier to protect photoreceptors
-regeneration of rods and cones
-phagocytosis of photoreceptor tips

43
Q

3 parts of Uveal tract

A

-iris
-ciliary body
-choroid

44
Q

Primitive embryonic layers

A

-surface ectoderm
-neural crest
-neural ectoderm
-optic vesicle
-optic cup
-Endoderm
-where? Get fucked, that’s where, I guess.

45
Q

Extraocular muscles that are not innervated by CN III

A

Superior oblique - IV trochlear
Lateral rectus - VI abducens

46
Q

Cranial nerves pass through this fissure

A

Superior fissure

47
Q

Extraocular muscle innervated by CN IV (trochlear)

A

Superior oblique

48
Q

Extraocular muscle innervated by CN VI (abducens)

A

Lateral rectus

49
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

Sensory and motor

Facial expression, parasympathetic innervations of lacrimal and salivary glands

50
Q

Embryonic development week 3

A

Neural groove

51
Q

Between which weeks of gestation does the majority of ocular development occur?

A

Between three and 10 weeks

52
Q

Three embryonic layers of the eye

A

– Surface ectoderm
– neural ectoderm
– mesoderm

NO ENDODERM 

53
Q

Embryonic development week four

A

– Optic vesicles
– lens plates

54
Q

Embryonic development week five

A

– Optic cup
– lens vesicle

55
Q

Embryonic development week six

A

– Cornea
– hyaloid vessels
– vitreous cavity
– lens separates

56
Q

Embryonic development week seven

A

– Retina differentiates from neural and pigment
– sclera
– optic nerve forms

57
Q

Embryonic development week eight

A

Extraocular muscles

58
Q

Describe infant cornea

A

Large cornea at birth reaches adult size by two years old

59
Q

Describe infant iris

A

Heavily pigmented posterior Iris but less or no pigment in the anterior Iris. often appears blue

60
Q

What is Coloboma

A

A congenital malformation due to failure of an embryonic structure to fuse

61
Q

The general shape of the orbit moving from front to back

A

Pyramidal

62
Q

Three bones that contribute to the orbital rim

A

– Frontal
– zygomatic
– maxilla

63
Q

Cranial nerves pass through this opening

A

Superior orbital fissure

64
Q

Superior ophthalmic vein empties here

A

Cavernous sinus

65
Q

Lamina cribrosa

A

Posterior mesh area that nerve fibres travel through

66
Q

Limbus

A

Area immediately around the cornea

67
Q

Choriocapillaris

A

Capillaries coming from the choroid

68
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tubes connected to puncta to drain tears

Anatomy And Physiology 219 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions