Lab 2: Heart Anatomy

Question 1

What are the heart blood vessels that carry oxygen poor blood? What is the short hand for deoxygenated blood?

Answer 1

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, left and right pulmonary arteries, cardiac veins, and coronary sinus (blood from musculature of heart).
Short hand: Hb

Question 2

What are the heart blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood? What is the short hand for deoxygenated blood?

Answer 2

Left and right pulmonary veins, ascending aorta, arch of the aorta. descending thoracic aorta, brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, circumflex artery, left and right coronary arteries.

Question 3

What are the general outer structures and layers of the heart?

Answer 3

Apex (pointy part @ bottom), base (big wide area at top), pericardium (cheese cloth over heart parietal layer of serous membrane), epicardium (visceral layer of serous membrane), myocardium (heart muscle), endocardium (epithelium lining heart chambers making them very smooth).

Question 4

What are the upper structures of the heart?

Answer 4

Right and left atria, auricles ( “ear flaps” superficial to atria), fossa ovalis (hole that closes before you are born), sinoatrial (SA) node (on top of right atria), atrioventricular (AV) node (inner base of right atria)

Question 5

What are the lower structures of the heart?

Answer 5

On the right: tricuspid valve and pulmonary semilunar valve
On the left: bicuspid (mitral) valve and aortic semilunar valve
On both sides: chordae tendoneae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae, and purkinje fibers

Question 6

What are the middle structures of the heart?

Answer 6

Atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His (medial and inferior to AV node), right & left bundle branches (two branches down the septum)

Question 7

What are the structures used to conduct electricity in the heart?

Answer 7

Sinoartial node, Bachmann’s bundle/interatrial bundle atrioventricular node, His bundle/Atrioventricular bundle, left posterior bundle, Purkinje fibers, Right bundle.

Question 8

What are all the segments and intervals of an ECG?

Answer 8

P wave, QRS complex, T wave, P-R interval, P-R segment, R-R interval, S-T segment, Q-T interval

Question 9

P wave:

Answer 9

Depolarization of the atria

Question 10

QRS complex:

Answer 10

Wave of ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

Question 11

T wave:

Answer 11

repolarization of ventricle

Question 12

P-R interval:

Answer 12

Depolarization of atria to beginning of depolarization of ventricles

Question 13

P-R segment:

Answer 13

Signal goes through AV node and AV bundle

Question 14

R-R interval:

Answer 14

Time between two cardiac cycles

Question 15

S-T segment:

Answer 15

Ventricular contraction

Question 16

Q-T interval:

Answer 16

Depolarization & repolarization of the ventricles