Cardiovascular Risk Factors + Body Comp Criteria Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nonmodifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease?

A

Genetics (AKA Family History) and age

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2
Q

What is the general criteria for an obesity diagnosis?

A

BMI > 30 (250 to 400 lbs)

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3
Q

What is the criteria for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis?

A

Blood sugar 126 mg/dL or higher (2 tests)

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4
Q

What is the criteria for a high cholesterol diagnosis (HDL)?

A

160 to 189 mg/dL

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5
Q

How does high BP affect the body?

A
  • Increased mass in left ventricle, increased risk of heart fail
  • increased risk of kidney damage
  • Increased risk of brain injury (burst CNS vessels)
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6
Q

What kinds of people are at a higher risk for high BP?

A

Overweight, elderly, post-menopausal women

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7
Q

What is the criteria for a high BP diagnosis (hypertension)?

A

Systolic BP over 130 mmHg + diastolic BP over 80 mmHg

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8
Q

What is the only negative risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A

High LDL cholesterol

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9
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Weight (kg) divided by height (m^2)

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10
Q

What is the normal range for BMI?

A

18.5 to 24.9 (Below is underweight, over is overweight)

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11
Q

What are the advantages of using BMI to measure body composition?

A

No special equipment needed, applies to general population

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of using BMI to measure body composition?

A

Doesn’t consider body fat %, doesn’t distinguish between fat weight and muscle weight, not accurate for the elderly

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13
Q

How do you calculate a waist to hip ratio (WHR)?

A

Waist circumference (cm) by hip circumference (cm)

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14
Q

What is the criteria for a normal WHR measurement?

A

Men: 0.95 or less, Women: 0.80 or less

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of using the waist to hip ratio measurement?

A

Easy to make mistakes, doesn’t measure body fat itself

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16
Q

What is the advantages of using WHR measurements?

A

No special equipment needed

17
Q

What is the criteria for a normal BF% measure via skinfold measurements?

A

20 to 39 yrs: M (8 to 19%), F (21 to 32%)
40 to 59 yrs: M (11 to 21%), F (23 to 33%)
60 to 79 yrs: M (12 to 24%), F (24 to 35%)

18
Q

How do you measure body fat % using skinfold measurements?

A

Average 2 measurements to the 0.1 mm at 7 sites:
1) triceps
2) subscapular (back)
3) midaxillary (Under armpit)
4) suprailiac (hip)
5) abdominal
6) thigh
7) chest
Sum up the measurements

19
Q

What are the advantages to using the skin-fold method for measuring body composition?

A

Highly accurate, no special skills needed

20
Q

What are the disadvantages to using the skin-fold measurement of body composition?

A

Uncomfortable, needs to be compared to underwater weight measurements

21
Q

How do you calculate the max HR for an adult?

A

220 - age

22
Q

How do you calculate max heart rate for children under 18?

A

208 - (0.7 * age)

23
Q

How do you calculate heart rate reserve?

A

Max HR - Resting HR

24
Q

What is the criteria for the HR measurement of PA intensity zones?

A

Low: (HRR * .50) + resting HR
Moderate: (HRR * .60) + resting HR
High: (HRR * .80) + resting HR

25
Q

How does high BP affect the body?

A
  • Increased mass in left ventricle, increased risk of heart fail
  • increased risk of kidney damage
  • Increased risk of brain injury (burst CNS vessels)