Cardiovascular Risk Factors + Body Comp Criteria

Question 1

What are the nonmodifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

Genetics (AKA Family History) and age

Question 2

What is the general criteria for an obesity diagnosis?

Answer 2

BMI > 30 (250 to 400 lbs)

Question 3

What is the criteria for a type 2 diabetes diagnosis?

Answer 3

Blood sugar 126 mg/dL or higher (2 tests)

Question 4

What is the criteria for a high cholesterol diagnosis (HDL)?

Answer 4

160 to 189 mg/dL

Question 5

How does high BP affect the body?

Answer 5

• Increased mass in left ventricle, increased risk of heart fail
• increased risk of kidney damage
• Increased risk of brain injury (burst CNS vessels)

Question 6

What kinds of people are at a higher risk for high BP?

Answer 6

Overweight, elderly, post-menopausal women

Question 7

What is the criteria for a high BP diagnosis (hypertension)?

Answer 7

Systolic BP over 130 mmHg + diastolic BP over 80 mmHg

Question 8

What is the only negative risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 8

High LDL cholesterol

Question 9

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 9

Weight (kg) divided by height (m^2)

Question 10

What is the normal range for BMI?

Answer 10

18.5 to 24.9 (Below is underweight, over is overweight)

Question 11

What are the advantages of using BMI to measure body composition?

Answer 11

No special equipment needed, applies to general population

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of using BMI to measure body composition?

Answer 12

Doesn’t consider body fat %, doesn’t distinguish between fat weight and muscle weight, not accurate for the elderly

Question 13

How do you calculate a waist to hip ratio (WHR)?

Answer 13

Waist circumference (cm) by hip circumference (cm)

Question 14

What is the criteria for a normal WHR measurement?

Answer 14

Men: 0.95 or less, Women: 0.80 or less

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of using the waist to hip ratio measurement?

Answer 15

Easy to make mistakes, doesn’t measure body fat itself

Question 16

What is the advantages of using WHR measurements?

Answer 16

No special equipment needed

Question 17

What is the criteria for a normal BF% measure via skinfold measurements?

Answer 17

20 to 39 yrs: M (8 to 19%), F (21 to 32%)
40 to 59 yrs: M (11 to 21%), F (23 to 33%)
60 to 79 yrs: M (12 to 24%), F (24 to 35%)

Question 18

How do you measure body fat % using skinfold measurements?

Answer 18

Average 2 measurements to the 0.1 mm at 7 sites:
1) triceps
2) subscapular (back)
3) midaxillary (Under armpit)
4) suprailiac (hip)
5) abdominal
6) thigh
7) chest
Sum up the measurements

Question 19

What are the advantages to using the skin-fold method for measuring body composition?

Answer 19

Highly accurate, no special skills needed

Question 20

What are the disadvantages to using the skin-fold measurement of body composition?

Answer 20

Uncomfortable, needs to be compared to underwater weight measurements

Question 21

How do you calculate the max HR for an adult?

Answer 21

220 - age

Question 22

How do you calculate max heart rate for children under 18?

Answer 22

208 - (0.7 * age)

Question 23

How do you calculate heart rate reserve?

Answer 23

Max HR - Resting HR

Question 24

What is the criteria for the HR measurement of PA intensity zones?

Answer 24

Low: (HRR * .50) + resting HR
Moderate: (HRR * .60) + resting HR
High: (HRR * .80) + resting HR

Question 25

How does high BP affect the body?

Answer 25

• Increased mass in left ventricle, increased risk of heart fail
• increased risk of kidney damage
• Increased risk of brain injury (burst CNS vessels)