Exam 1 MC

Question 1

Which of these would represent an intracellular pathogen?
Helminth
Protozoa
Bacterium
Virus

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Mast cell

Answer 2

Lymphocyte

Question 3

Which of these is NOT a secondary lymphoid tissue?
Lymph node
Peyers patch
Thymus
Spleen

Answer 3

Thymus

Question 4

Which of these is famous for creating the first vaccine for rabies?
Pasteur
Jenner
Koch
Bassi

Answer 4

Pasteur

Question 5

During an immune response, B-cells differentiate into what?
Granulocytes
Killer cells
Plasma cells
Cytotoxic cells

Answer 5

Plasma cells

Question 6

Which of these cell types can arise from both myeloid and lymphoid precursors?
B-cell
Neutrophil
Basophil
Dendritic cell

Answer 6

Dendritic cell

Question 7

What term refers to a state of being resistant to infection by a pathogen?
Allergy
Tolerance
Carrier
Immunity

Answer 7

Immunity

Question 8

Which of the following is not a chemical barrier in our immune defenses?
Lysozyme
Defensins
Lactic acid
Antibodies

Answer 8

Antibodies

Question 9

The inactivation of the immune response to self antigens is called what?
Hyposensitivity
Tolerance
Hypersensitivity
Allergy

Answer 9

Tolerance

Question 10

RIG-1 is a cytosolic receptor that binds to what?
Viral RNA
Viral proteins
Viral DNA
Viral lipids

Answer 10

Viral RNA

Question 11

What is our immune system’s first line of defense?
Neutrophils
Skin
Antibodies
Complement

Answer 11

Skin

Question 12

What term refers to the process where neutrophils leave circulation and enter tissues?
Apoptosis
Phototaxis
Diapedesis
Viropexis

Answer 12

Diapedesis

Question 13

Which of these is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)?
Bacterial DNA
Lipopolysaccharide
Double stranded RNA
Flagellin

Answer 13

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a proinflammatory cytokine?
TNFα
IL-1
IL-6
Interferon

Answer 14

Interferon

Question 15

Which of these is true of Toll-like receptors?
Are formed by somatic recombination
Recognize pathogen-associated patterns
Bind to specific antigens
Active the complement cascade

Answer 15

Recognize pathogen-associated patterns

Question 16

Which protein must be degraded to allow signaling by Toll-like receptors to the nucleus?
NF-κB
IκB
MEK
MyD88

Answer 16

IκB

Question 17

Which of these is NOT typical for an inflammatory response?
Coolness
Redness
Swelling
Pain

Answer 17

Coolness

Question 18

Defective neutrophil clearance can result in chronic inflammation and the formation of what?
Tumor
Granuloma
Allergy
Eschar

Answer 18

Granuloma

Question 19

What is the function of DAF in the complement cascade?
Stabilize C5 convertase
Degrade C5 convertase
Stabilize C3 convertase
Degrade C3 convertase

Answer 19

Degrade C3 convertase

Question 20

Which of the complement cascades acts the fastest?
They all act at the same rate
Alternative
Lectin-binding
Classical

Answer 20

Alternative

Question 21

Which complement protein forms the pore in the membrane attack complex?
C6
C7
C8
C9

Answer 21

C9

Question 22

Which of these is NOT an important function of the complement cascade?
Opsonize pathogens
Directly kill pathogens
Active apoptosis of infected cells
Act as a chemoattractant for phagocytes

Answer 22

Active apoptosis of infected cells

Question 23

What is the function of properdin in the complement cascade?
Stabilize C5 convertase
Degrade C5 convertase
Stabilize C3 convertase
Degrade C3 convertase

Answer 23

Stabilize C3 convertase

Question 24

Which of these is the C3 convertase in the MBL complement cascade?
C3bBbP
C2b4b
C2b4b3b
C3P0

Answer 24

C2b4b

Question 25

What is the function of α2-macroglobulin in our serum? Cleave C3 Sequester proteases Initiate blood clotting Carry oxygen

Answer 25

Sequester proteases

Question 26

Which of these proteins is only active in the alternative complement cascade? C1 C2 Factor B MASP

Answer 26

Factor B

Question 27

Which proteins in the MBL complement cascade perform the same function as C1q2r2 in the classical pathway? Factor B Factor D MASP C1INH

Answer 27

MASP

Question 28

What part of our immune defenses are B-cell associated with? Cell-mediated Humoral Innate None of these

Answer 28

Humoral

Question 29

What process is responsible for most of the diversity in antibody structure? Somatic recombination Somatic hypermutation N nucleotide addition P nucleotide addition

Answer 29

Somatic recombination

Question 30

What chains make up MOST of our T-cell receptors? Alpha and Beta Alpha and Gamma Gamma and Delta Beta and Delta

Answer 30

Alpha and Beta

Question 31

What protein sends a signal via phosphorylation when T-cells are activated? Igα/β CD-3 CD-4 CD-8

Answer 31

CD-3

Question 32

What proteins would be found on the surface of a helper T-cell? T-cell receptor and CD4 T-cell receptor and CD8 CD4 and CD8 T-cell receptor, CD4, and CD8

Answer 32

T-cell receptor and CD4 (I think)

Question 33

What sort of cytokine action is illustrated to the right? Autocrine Endocrine Paracrine Exocrine

Answer 33

Paracrine

Question 34

Antibodies with differing in the antigen binding specificity would be... Allotypes Isotypes Idiotypes Phenotypes

Answer 34

Idiotypes

Question 35

Which of these regions is found in the beta chain of the T-cell receptor, but NOT the alpha chain? V D J C

Answer 35

D

Question 36

What is the most important antibody in our mucosal defenses? IgA IgM IgG IgD

Answer 36

IgA

Question 37

What is the progression of steps in T-cell development? DN -> DP -> SP DN -> SP -> DP DP -> SP -> DN DP -> DN -> SP

Answer 37

DN -> DP -> SP

Question 38

What is the most important transcription factor for T-cell development? Hedgehod FOX-1 NF-κB Notch

Answer 38

Notch

Question 39

What happens to T-cells during development if they do not bind at all to MHC antigens? Death by neglect Positive selection Negative selection Activation

Answer 39

Death by neglect

Question 40

Which of these is NOT found in the thymus? Follicle Cortex Medulla T-cells

Answer 40

Follicle

Question 41

As T-cells enter the thymus from the bone marrow, they are... Double positive Single positive Double negative Effector cells

Answer 41

Double negative

Question 42

What happens to T-cells during development if they bind very tightly to MHC antigens? Death by neglect Positive selection Negative selection Activation

Answer 42

Negative selection

Question 43

In our most common type of T-cells, which chain of their T-cell receptor is made first? Alpha Beta Gamma Delta

Answer 43

Beta

Question 44

What enzyme is critical for the process of somatic recombination? TδT Reverse transcriptase RAG 1/2 RNA polymerase

Answer 44

RAG 1/2

Question 45

What cell type does the final screening of newly formed T-cells in the medulla before they are released to circulation? cTEC AIRE Neutrophil Hassall's corpuscles

Answer 45

AIRE