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physical geography aqa > Pickering Beck⛵️ > Flashcards

Pickering Beck⛵️ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Pickering Beck?

A

A river in North Yorkshire

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2
Q

How does the geology affect flooding?

A

It consists on Gritstone and Limestone, permeable and porous allowing the water to flow through. Soil is also soft and sandy, so permeable, slow lag time.

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3
Q

When does the beck flood in particular?

A

In the Summer , flash flooding

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4
Q

How does the local relief affect flooding.

A

The drainage basin has steep relief in the hills of the North Yorkshire Moors, decreasing time taken to reach the river

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5
Q

How does the vegetation affect flooding?

A

Largely moorland shrubs and heather, growing in peat bogs which can soak up water, preventing run off and further flooding. If water is redirected for agriculture or forestry, peat dies out

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6
Q

What are the main land uses in the river catchment area?

A

Arable crops
Improved grassland
Heather moorland
Forestry and Woodland

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7
Q

How far does the beck run for?

A

29km (18 miles)

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8
Q

How has the town impacted flooding?

A

Impermeable surfaces increase run off rates

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9
Q

How have farming practices impacted the river?

A

Farming has lead to diffuse pollution, lowering the water quality

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10
Q

What was adopted to manage flooding?

A

A land management technique instead of hard defences

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11
Q

What was constructed at Newtondale?

A

A large low level bund to hold up to 120,000 m3 of water in flood events

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12
Q

What was planted around the river catchment?

A

19 hectares of hydrophilic plants such as alder and willow trees to create a natural barrier to flood flows

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13
Q

What was constructed in the river catchment?

A

Larger woody debris damns, and natural gullies to help water drain from moorlands into forests

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14
Q

How many ‘large woody debris damns’ have been constructed in Pickering Beck catchment?

A

129

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15
Q

How much farm woodland has been planted?

A

15 hectares

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16
Q

How many heather bale damns have been constructed?

A

187

17
Q

Which government scheme was piloted in the town?

A

‘Slowing The Flow’

18
Q

Why were no-burn zones established?

A

As burning has the potential to speed up run-off by lowering interception and promoting hydrophobic soil conditions

19
Q

What has been created in terms of no-burn zones?

A

A 10 metre wide buffer zone along the main watercourse

20
Q

Which National Park is the beck located in?

A

The North York Moors

21
Q

Why is the river prone to flooding?

A

Due to the steep sided valley that the water runs off into the beck

22
Q

When does the beck flood in particular?

A

In the summer, flash flooding

23
Q

Ow much did the 2007 flood cost in damage?

A

£7 million

24
Q

How can rainfall increase the chances of flooding?

A

Rainfall in the area is heavy as hydrography’s flashy. Pea discharges fluctuate

25
Q

How much did the ‘Slowing the Flow’ project cost?

A

£3.2 million

26
Q

What has pastoral farming lead to?

A

Overgrazing

27
Q

What is overgrazing?

A

When animals eat too much of the vegetation

28
Q

What does loss of vegetation do?

A

It removes a water store

29
Q

How does trampling link to erosion?

A

It churns up the soil making it easier to erode and be washed away

30
Q

How does trampling link to compacting?

A

It compacts the soil making it more impermeable and reduces infiltration rates

31
Q

What has drainage caused?

A

Reduced catchment capacity, decreasing lag time and making the hydrograph more flashy

32
Q

What is the size of the drainage basin?

A

68 square kilometres

33
Q

What do the woody debris dams do?

A

increase flood storage by rising water levels and slowing the water

34
Q

What are low level bunds?

A

Banks

35
Q

What have moorland drains been blocked with?

A

Heather bales

36
Q

What does blocking drains do?

A

encourage natural storage and reduce fast water flowing to the river

37
Q

What is the effect of the Newtondale bund?

A

lowers the flood peak downstream

38
Q

Why does pickering beck have a flashy hydrograph?

A

Very hilly so water can’t infiltrate and moors get filled quickly by the relief rainfall
High number of tributaries

physical geography aqa (12 decks)

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