Chapter 3 Classification and Evolution Flashcards
What are the 8 taxonomic levels of classification?
-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
What are the 3 domains?
-Archaea
-Eukaryotae
-Eubacteria
What are the 5 kingdoms?
-Plantae
-Animalia
-Fungi
-Protoctista
-Prokaryotae
In the binomial naming system what do the 2 names refer to?
1st name - genus (upper case first letter)
2nd name - species
What are features of prokaryotae?
- no nucleus
- loop of DNA
- naked DNA
- no membrane-bound organelles
- smaller ribosomes than other groups
What are features of protoctista?
- eukaryotic
- mostly single-celled
- don’t fit into any other group
What are features of fungi?
- eukaryotic
- walls made of chitin
- multinucleate cytoplasm
- mycelium that consists of hyphae or single cells
What are features of plantae?
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- cellulose cell wall
- autotrophic
What are features of animalia?
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- heterotrophic
What is phylogeny?
The study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms.
What is convergent evolution?
Species that are not related adapting in similar ways and looking very similar.
What protein is used to analyse how related species are?
Cytochrome C - the more similar the amino acid sequence, the more closely related they are.
Out of the 3 domains, which 2 are most similar?
Archaea and Eukaryotae
What are some similarities between archaea and eukaryotes?
- Similar enzymes to synthesise RNA
- Similar mechanisms for DNA replication
- Production of similar proteins to bind to their DNA
What are examples of evidence for natural selection?
- Fossils
- Biological molecules (same/ similar biological molecules if species are closely related, e.g. cytochrome C)