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Z - Biology I > Mitosis and Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Mitosis and Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

The process of cells stopping dividing to specialize to become a specific type of cell

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2
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

The process of programmed cell death- to rid unneeded or abnormal cells.

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3
Q

What are cell cycle regulators?

A

Proteins that control the progression of a cell throughout the cell cycle.

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4
Q

First gap phase events?

A

cell growth and cell contents duplicate.

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5
Q

Synthesis phase events?

A

dna replication occurs

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6
Q

Second gap phase events?

A

Cell continues to grow and prepares for division.

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7
Q

Mitosis events?

A

Cell stops growing and divides into two daughter cells.

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8
Q

What occurs during interphase?

A

A cell grows and replicates it’s dna

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9
Q

What 3 factors determine whether a cell enters G0?

A

organisms stage in development
type of cell
the resources available for cell

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10
Q

What examples of cells are permanently in G0?

A

neurons and muscle cells

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11
Q

Examples of a cell that can leave g0 to process through the cell cycle and divide again?

A

injury in tissues in the liver

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12
Q

What other events happen to dna during mitosis?

A

the dna of the cells nucleus is split into 2 equal sets of chromosomes

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13
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

wound up dna that is found in the nucleus

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14
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

A sister chromatid is the two copies of each chromosome

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15
Q

Metaphase

A

metaphase is when the chromatids are lined up at the equator

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16
Q

Anaphase

A

sister chromatids are split and each chromatid is pulled forwards the poles

17
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm divides when forming two new cells

18
Q

What cells does mitosis occur in?

A

only body cells (not sex cells)

19
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Stem cells are cells with no specialization

20
Q

What is prophase?

A

When the dna condenses into the chromosomes

21
Q

Why do humans need to do mitosis?

A

Grow, replace old cells, heal abrasions

22
Q

What size cell is most efficient and why?

A

Smallest because nutrients can move in more quickly in smaller cells!

23
Q

What is cancer?

A

Abnormal cell division

24
Q

What is nondisjunction? What happens because of it?

A

Chromosomes fail to separate, causing extra chromosomes in some cells and missing chromosomes in others.

25
Q

What is trisomy 21?

A

Down syndrome; caused by an extra chromosome

Z - Biology I (7 decks)

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